Studies On Liang Shuming's "Internal Saint And External King" Ideas

In Liang Shuming's life, both his academical idea and socail practice follow Confucian "internal saint and external king". The paper adopts Marxism historical materialism to research Liang Shuming's "internal saint and external king"idea comprehensivly and thoroughly, including cultural, moral, educational, and political scopes. The paper hopes to show Liang Shuming's ideas factually, as well as to create new idea and excavate time value,especially to Ideological and Political Education.In moral ideas, Liang Shuming makes great efforts to rebuild moralism of the Confucian, in order to resolve modern crisises and provide spirit support for people. About human nature, he thinks people are virtuous inherent. He points out how to make people virtuous and society harmonious:only one's life is being consciousness, can one be virtuous; only convenance is renewed, can society be harmonious. About the definition of moral, he is different from other people who consider moral as bald, restrictive and far from life. He regards moral as "the harmony of the life, the art of the life". About the relation between moral and religion, he considers moral is not religion, but has religionary function, so he puts forward "replacing religion by moral". About moral levels, he marks off common moral and genuine. If moral is affected by time and place, this moral is common moral; if moral is performed by people's heart, this moral is genuine moral and is the highest moral level. About moral cultivating, he regards the Confucian focus on cultivating one's morality. People must pay attention to moral cultivating, by this way, people will be moral. The above-mentioned ideas embody Liang Shuming's "internal saint"spirit.In educational ideas, Liang Shuming thinks education is to enlighten people onward in the base of life philosophy. By comparing Chinese education with westen education, he considers westen knowledge education is tool, while Chinese emotion education is essential. Reasonable education should contain both, education need focus on one's all life. By criticize new education pattern, education should be fit for both education and life. He is against for the follow phenomenas:education is far from society, education is of business, education is of system and so on. Country education is not only the main contain of the country constructing, but also the important way of the country constructing. country education plays an important role in the process from " internal saint" to " external king". Liang Shuming especially attaches importance to moral education. By this way, he wants to advance people's moral level, cultivate rational spirit and promote social development. Therefore, country education embodies the combine of "internal saint" ideas and social practise.Liang Shuming thinks political problem is culture problem ultimately, so culture renaissance is nation reconstruction. Country constructing is virtually to "creat new culture, rescue old country", that is to say, to make old root germinate, which is the useful way of rebuilding China. He considers Chinese social configuration is base on ethic and China has no class. Liang Shuming chooses to construct organise from rationalism. He sets up a new organise—village school, through reconstructing the traditionary "village agreement" Village school is an political and educational organise, which has western team spirit and Chinese ethical sirit. He plans to "replace law for ethic", because he thinks law is only fit for western society, while ethic is suitable to China. By country constructing, Liang Shuming wants to conceive a ideal society. The above-mentioned ideas embody Liang Shuming's "external king"spirit.Although Liang Shuming has never regarded his own ideas as "internal saint and external king", his ideas contain the spirit:"internal saint and external king". Liang's "internal saint and external king" ideas as well as Ideological and Political Education are are common in some sides. It can help Ideological and Political Education advance individual moral life, more life style and more popular.