| This paper's purpose is to explore the influences of personality traits on information processing in different cognitive tasks. The personality traits mainly include extroversion and neuroticism, which are related to arousal levels of cerebral cortex and to stability of emotion respectively. The process focused on three stages of information selection, accessibility and retrieval. According to the requirements of the experiments, this study adopted different cognitive tasks in the different stages, such as lexical identification, attentional probe, verbal discrimination learning, cued-recall, verbal matching, recognition and recall. In our investigation, we test 703 college students. Among those students, there are 367 students accord with the test demands by EPQ, who are low neuroticism (Ss), high neuroticism (Ns), introversion (Is), extroversion (Es), stability-extroversion (SEs), stability- introversion (SI), neuroticism- extroversion (NEs) and neuroticism-introversion (NIs). The main results are asfollows:Firstly, the personality traits effect selective processing of subjects, and processing bias is the character of cognitive processing in extremely subjects. Regardless of the experiment conditions are under single stimulus or double stimulus, the result will come up with their apparent selective bias, when Ns meet with negative words, when Ss meet with positive words, when Is meet with introversion words and when Es meet with extroversive words. And our study proves that there exist the trait-congruency effects. Besides the types of the personality traits, the presentation rates for the words and the difficulty of the task also affect the individual difference of cognitive bias. When the words appear at the 0.5s, the reaction time (RT) of Ns towards the words is faster than that of Ss. While the reaction speed of Es towards all types of words are rather higher than that of Is when the rate become 1.0s. Compared with single performance task, double task will make more apparent influence to individual differences of cognitive processing bias. If it is based on RT analysis, the reaction speed of Ss towards all the emotional valence words in double task situation is higher than Ns. Moreover, the reaction speed of Es towards all words is higher than Is. If it is based on the analysis of the free recall results, each one of these types presents a kind of obvious recall bias to the words that are related to their own personality traits.Secondly, arousal levels affect the accessibility of information among subjects of different trait types. This study verified the arousal-accessibility hypothesis of Schwartz in many aspects. In the process of the information coding and accessing, NIs concentrateon the physics attributes of the words and SEs concentrate on the semantic attributes. In the non-induced situation, the rate of SEs identification mistake to synonyms in verbal discrimination learning (VDL) is rather high than that of NTs, while the result of their clue-recall is much better than that of the Ms. The result of identification and recall of homonyms between them is on the contrary. What's more, it is found that there are similar effect in information accessibility between subject arousal (trait) and item arousal (state). If they are aroused by coffee, the effects of information accessibility of NEs and Sis are closed to that of NIs. hi the verbal matching task, the prime of NTs is much more than that of SEs under the homonyms matching condition; while in the semantic and classified matching condition, the RT of SEs is rather shorter than that of NIs. In all kinds of matching condition, the lengths of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) have no affects to the RT. In task dissociation paradigm, if the present time of the context words is 60ms, the rate of false recognition for the SEs towards the semantic matching are mush higher than that of homonyms matching. When the context words and the testing words have the same homonyms matching, the rate of false recognition reaches its highest point; but...
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