Song Dynasty Realm Of Theory

The Song-Confucianists (the Confucianists of the Song Dynasty) reconsmicted thetheory about ideal realm, fighting back Buddhism and Daoism. The thesis ana1ysed the basicintension, essential features and spiritUal direction of the category Ideal Realm. Furthermoretypical theoretical inclination was specifically classified. In the perspective of thecontemporary ideology combined with history the thesis discussed the merits and demeritsin the course of the reconstruction of ideal realm theory by the Song-Confucianists so as topenetrate the traditional Chinese philosophy to grasp its Spiritual essence.The theory at the core of the category Ideal Realm is to establish the value of human.The position on the debates between "Heaven & Man", "Individual & Group", "Principle &Desires" expressed their spiritual world which is comprehensible and ultimately headed fortrend of sageliness within. The fiJndamental rule of value is liberty, So the highest ideaIrealm which the sages pursue is the realm of liberty, that is, a kind of spiritual libertyadvocated by the Song-Confucianists.Based on original substance, ideal personality would be fulfilled with effort, so the idealrealm is Iogically connected with ontology and effort. The heart of the matter fOr theSong-Confucianists is to question closely "how may I possibly be a sage?" That is to say,they wanted to find a new way to achieve soul liberty in the course of reconstruction ofmorality metaphysics. The author concluded that their ideal realm is chiefly defined withinvirtue and is also transcendent, and that man in his ideal realm would live a happy life whichis different from the others.The ideal realm within spiritual structure of subject is continuously identified with itselfand manifest itself in existence. The ideal realm was standardized by the same cultural codecalled "the sage", bllt the Song-Confucianists iflterpreted it differently and so three mainideological trends maintained their own patterns of efforts.'' Wu- Yu- Yu- Chen g'' (wi tho ut de s ire s but s inc erity) o ffered b y Zho u D unyi and"Wan-Wu-Y-Ti"(the world as an organic whole) by Cheng-hao embodied the spirit ofnatUral life, which could be included in intUitionist school. They were greatly affected byBuddhism and Daoism, So Mother Nature and life intuition were logically combined as ifdifference between them had been eliminated.On the contrary, Cheng-yi and Zhu-xi's theory aboUt their ideal realm was inclined torationalism much more. They attached importance to experience and ordinary code of ethicsand expressed to be identified with moral principle.Contrasted with other Confucianists who were generally intoxicated with inner world,Zhang-zai took the road back to original Confuciedsm. He considered the ideal realm as oneWhere there is no selfishlless. In a word, his ideal realm belongs to humedtrianism and isincompatible with asceticism.On the whole, the theory about ideal realm during the Song Dynasty contalns much thais negative and does not fit for the needs of the modem society. Now that modeAnty has itSown faultiness, it is still necessny for us to craZy forward the good tr8dition that theConfuciansts of the Song Dynasty initiated.