The Diachronic Research On Position Prepositions From The Pre-Qin Dynasty To The Wei Dynasty And Jin Dynasty

Following the introduction of grammaticalization theory, the related Chinese preposition research has already obtained many achievements, but there is little systematic research on the preposition from Chinese history angle, and nearly without any research on the position preposition. The existed researches usually regard it as a branch in the preposition research, or only aims at some position preposition to analyse. Therefore the existing discussion is quite scattered, the tracing researches is not enoughl, and the depth of research is also insufficient. Therefore, the research on the successional variation process and the rule of position preposition has an important value and significance to the entire preposition system research and even the Chinese grammar history.The Pre-Qin Dynasty language has a big different with that of the Wei Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties. And the Han Dynasty is at the transitional stage. If we connect them as a whole to study, we will find sufficiently the trace of language change. The definition of preposition itself has not absolute standard, in addition to the aspect of time and personal reasons, this thesis cannot include all position prepositions, and only can aim at a part of them to conduct the research. We take 16 literatures from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Wei and Jin Dynasty as the main investigation language materials, those are "Shangshu" "Poetry" "Annals of Zuo" "Confucian analects" "Mencius" "Ritual Record" "National language" "Chankuots'e" "Lushih Chunchiu" "Xun Zi" "Zhuang-zi" "Han Feizi" "Shihchi" "To discuss Weigh" "San Guo Zhi" and "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". This leaves a clear vein for the position preposition development evolution. It is not only helpful to the formation of systematic and integral Chinese preposition history, and also helpful in inquiring the origin and the evolution of the modern Chinese preposition, and gives some theoretical enlightenment to the researc on correlated grammar phenomenon.This article first carries on the comprehensive description on the position prepositions in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. According to the time difference, it is approximately divided into two parts, the position preposition in Pre-Qin Dynasty period and the position preposition in West and East Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasty. In the first part, it is subdivided into five aspects according to its grammatical function, those are the expression of movement behavior coming from, the expression of movement behavior existence, the expression of movement behavior arrival, the expression of direction and the description along the way, which tries hard to outline the general picture of position preposition in this phase of historical period. In order to demonstrate the successional variation process of preposition under each kind of semantics, we will involve their usage in West and East Han Dynasty and Wei and Jin Dynasties. As for the prepositions that have not talked about in the following case analysis, we will trace its origin as far as possible, judge its appearance time, comb its grammaticalization process, demonstrate its clear evolution vein. Following the simplification with the preposition function, we do not subdivide the semantic type in the second part. In these kind, we will judge the time which it appears, describe it with the correlation ingredient relations, compare the initial verb meaning with the changed meaning, and define the preposition nature according to its increase and decrease in meaning.Next, this thesis launches the case investigation on the basis of plane description. This article analyses separately the position prepositions in the Pre-Qin, West and East Han and Wei Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, such as "in, from, in, by, from, by" and "to, on, namely, near, along, the reason, along, seeking" and so on. As for the preposition appears newly in the Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, this thesis carries on the concrete textual research, and its appearance time, also inspects its evolution process, and analyzes its origin and the evolution reason in this foundation. In the part of Pre-Qin Dynasty position preposition, we analyze its various usage in expressing concrete position and abstract concept, and analyze each kind of factor that decides its semantic type. In addition, we discuss the fictionization of position preposition "in" from the cognition of a meta structure influence. This thesis inspectes the evolution from "accompanying" verb "from" to the position preposition "from" through analysis. It elaborates the position preposition "from" changing into the preposition expressing the reason from an angle of grammaticalization unidirectivity. This thesis also discriminates "Z by VP" and "by Z VP" in two kind of syntax structures "by". It is regarded that in the similar achievement language section the character dialog "Z by W'must be higher than the structure expression meaning subjective degree "by Z VP". This kind of construction's-like evolution from "by Z VP" to "Z by VP" is precisely the language "the internalization" process.The substantive word fictionization is stratified, one of its performance is the gradual development from substantive to fictional and again to the most fictional. Moreover the substantive word fictionization hierarchy also displays in the fictionization way. It is generally evolved a grammatical meaning by some lexical meaning, and further evolves the new grammatical meaning, and transforms toward the unidirection. In chapter fourth, we has further explained between the preposition category and the time category relations, through the description preposition's time usage, discovered that the ancient understanding are very few to the pure time in a greater degree of the concept such as event and space. It is precisely because of this kind of heading and the time flow, the spatial scope and the time section's similarity as well as the spatial point and the point in time similarity, that causes the most position prepositions have the table time function. Among which, the relay and the metaphor explains the important mechanism which the category transformed.Through the inspection on position prepositions from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, we discovered that fictionization is one kind of glossary -grammar phenomenon, simultaneously also a psychology learning process. It is a transformation from a cognition territory to another cognition territory. As one language development's objective tendencies, the fictionization phenomenon is firstly obtained from the confirmation through the subjective understanding function, and completes its fictionization process finally, In this process, it is the result from various factor action, and mainly from syntax position change, linguistic environment influence as well as cognition factor and so on. Finally this article also discusses the position preposition's further grammaticalization and develops the ingredient question of the preposition develping to the word taking the example of "therefore" "as for" "always" "originally". However their fictionization ways are also diversified, for example, the conjunction "as for" is coming from the cross level structure development, "therefore" is from preposition-object phrase developing into double sound conjunction, and the time adverb "always" and "originally" is from the shrinking of the phrase to word.