Knowledge Of The Qianlong And Jiaqing Academic Pedigree

This thesis aims at pursuing the patterns of and clues to the evolution of the Chinese academic studies of form 17th century to 19th century and to early 20th century.In this thesis, great efforts have been made, through the study of multiple factors such as governmental school, private school, library, publication, academic supporter and scholar- taped assistant, etc., to present clearly the reason why Confucianism, since 17th century, has converted form the focus on moral and ethic perfection to the systematic study of empirical knowledge. And efforts have also been tried, at the viewpoint of the history of academic studies, to give accounts of and comments on the various specific subjects including philology, phonology, critical interpretation of ancient texts, bibliography, edition study, textual criticism , false detecting, compiling, note, nomenclature, institution, epigraphy, official rank, geomancy, taboo, astronomy, mathematics and temperament, etc., from which to extract the academic consciousness, mothed and achievements of the scholars in Qianlong( ) and Jiaqing ( ) period.The significance of the studies in this thesis lies in the endeavor that the study of the history of academic studies should lay particular emphasis on the textual research of the facts forming at certain stays of the history of academic studies, which is distinguished from the disposition of concepts and terms in the history of academic studies and from mat of sense and value in the history of thoughts. In other words, the study of the history of academic studies should not be emphasized on the philosophical and ideological consideration but on the evolution and identification from the angle of scientific development, namely, on the account of the development and construction of a certain subject in terms of knowledge increase ("learning") and methodology ("technique"), which, undoubtedly, bears this and that relationship to the history of culture, politics, society and economy, and from which we are to see how the scholars of 17th, 18th and 19th centuries shuttled back and forth in the historical environment composed of the imperial count, schools, governments and financial supporters. These changes have surely reflected the alterations of the scholars, value orientation and knowledge system.