A Study Of Jurchen Language In Song And Yuan Historical Documents

Being the origin of manchu language, Jurchen language belongs to the ancient one of Manchu-tonguse languages group in the Altaic languages family. Compared with Mongol languages and Turkic languages group , the study about Manchu-tonguse languages is relatively weak. In particular, in the area of ancient Jurchen language study, the recent 20 years rarely saw distinguished achievements. The reason lays in the popular misunderstanding that it is unlikely to make real progress in this area and relatively limited amount of Jurchen language resources. It serves as barrier to the further study of both Jurchen language and Altaic language family. In fact, the actual amount information about ancient Jurchen language is much more than people's estimation. We are far from make the full use of the existing material. The Jurchen names and geographical information in Song & Yuan historic records have barely been processed, which can be ranked as the information for recording pronunciations in the area of ancient Jurchen language vocabularies. Besides helping us realize the value of existing languages material and make full use of it ,it also contributes to the study of linguistics, literature and archeography to emphasize the important and necessity of ancient Jurchen language .Up to date, the study method of ancient Jurchen language can be classified as the method of sound retrogressive supposition & phonological reconstruction. The first one is represented by 道尔吉与和希格 the Study of Jurchen-Chinese Glossary & Gisaburo N.Kiyose A Study of the Jurchen Language and Script. The second one is represented by 李基文 A Phonological Study of Middle Ancient Jurchen Language. Via this two methods, scholars made full use of the limited amount of Jurchen language materials and conduct constructive and unique study about Jurchen linguistics. Either from the aspect of methodology or the conclusion, their study represented the highest standards of Jurchen language study.Abiding by the method of phonological analysis, this paper painstakingly analyzed the Jurchen materials that record in Song &Yuan historical books. Based on classical information for recording pronunciations of Mongol language, such as 《蒙古字韵》 and 《蒙古秘史》 , which is related with Jurchen language in terms of typology and genealogy, the paper conducted adjustment, classification and analysis of Jurchen pronunciation represented by Chinese characters, therefore acquire the system of Jurchen linguistics and the combine rules of Jurchen syllable .