Research On The Transition Of Chinese Rural Microeconomic Organizations (1949-1985)

The system transition of microeconomic organizations in rural areas is an inevitable subject in the research on rural economic reforms and development after the establishment of PRC. In present, "San Nong problems" (rural problems, agricultural problems and farmer problems) is not only a hot theoretical research subject but also a problem that Chinese governments at all levels must try all means to solve. The experience of economic development in Chinese rural areas has proved that farmer problems are the core of "San Nong problems" while farmers' income problem is the core of farmer problems. According to the experience of some countries with successful development of rural economies, the improvement of the organized degree of farmers is a very important system arrangement to protect farmers' self-benefits and to raise their income. In that way, farmers can win the initial benefits from the exchange of agricultural products as well as the income from the second industry and the tertiary industry. In Chinese rural areas, agricultural industrialization based on household operation has recently become an important measure to improve the organized degree of farmers. It becomes increasingly mature and the central government has been reconfirming her support to it in her supreme documents. It shows that constant innovations in the microeconomic organizations will become one of the key factors that can influence and restrict the overall development of Chinese rural areas in future. In this sense, it is necessary to sum up the basic experience and draw a lesson from the system transition of microeconomic organizations in rural areas since the establishment of PRC in order to avoid big faults in the innovations. Obviously, the research and analyses on the process and internal system arrangement of rural economic organizations have their theoretical and practical significance.The paper mainly applies the system transition theory in the neo-system economics and the basic principles of cooperative economic organization in the classical works of Marxism and Leninism. It also takes Hubei province as example to thoroughly study the transition process of rural economic organizations during the period from the establishment of PRC till the early 1980s'. The process covers such microeconomic organizations in Chinese rural areas as Mutual Aid Teams, Cooperatives, People's Commune and Household Contract Responsibility System. The study is based on thorough historical data and complete research results available. The primary framework of thestudy is system structure-economic behaviors-system utility.The overall train of thought of the paper is as follows: the introduction part focuses on the theories applied, realistic significances, main concepts, primary theories concerned, research results available and the methods of study throughout the paper; Chapter One and Two make an overall observation on the system transition of rural economic organizations for the later discussion; Chapters Three and Four analyze respectively the property right system and the distribution system, and also make a comparison of the two systems in various organizations; Chapter Five centers on the economic behaviors of farmers under different property right and distribution systems; Chapter Six mainly discusses the system utility in the transition process of rural economic organizations; Chapter Seven makes a brief illustration on the government functions in the transition process of microeconomic organizations in Chinese rural areas. The paper also presents some suggestion on the orientation of constant innovations of the above organizations and the transformation of government functions. The author discusses the following six problems and at the same time puts forward his own views after independent reflection.(1) an overall definition on the features of the microeconomic organization transitions in rural areas by means of system analysis. The basic premise of the paper is the system analysis on the general characteristics of the tra...