Research On Commercial Geography Of Shaanxi Province During Ming-Qing Dynasty

Using theory and method of commercial geography, development of local commercial and regional characteristic of Shaanxi province were deeply researched in this paper, relationship on commercial development with natural and human environment was promulgated, and research object, research content, method and significance of historical commercial geography were analysis, in order to deepen research field of historical geography and enrich research content of historical geography to some extent.Regional characteristic of commercial development of Shaanxi province during Ming-Qing dynasty were researched in this paper in view of following ten aspects.1. Surrounding dividing line on research object and research content of historical commercial geography, try to establish the research frame of historical commercial geography, analysis connection and contrast of science research between historical commercial geography and commercial history, commercial economic science, and arrange research current situation of social and economical of Shaanxi province during Ming-Qing dynasty, expound main research content and method of this paper and some question which will be resolved.2. In terms of natural environment of commercial action, analysis environmental characteristic of northern-Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern-Shaanxi of this province, explore their effects on commodity production and the pattern of circulation of commodities; inquire into regional characteristic and change regular pattern during different period, and all of them are research essential prerequisite of. Shaanxi commercial geography.3.In terms of agriculture, handicraft industry, livestock farming and foresty, analysis different-time characteristic and regional characteristic of commodity production of three-district in Shaanxi(northern-Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern-Shaanxi)during Ming-Qing dynasty; Under different environment, different industry division were formed, and different kinds of commodity production were formed further, which is premise and basic of commodity output.4.At first, analysis relationship on commercial means of transport with regional adaptability of Shaanxi during Ming-Qing dynasty, then probe change of trade routes and relationship with natural and human environment; During Ming dynasty, post roads were maintained by government due to Meng-han political power fight, so the trend of post roads and trade routes overlapping mostly, especially in northem-Shaanxi. After Qing dynasty, governmental interpose decreased, trade routes appeared multi-trends, and influenced market distribute pattern of this area.5. Analysis forming process and distribute pattern of commercial centers in northern-Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern-Shaanxi during Ming-Qing dynasty; During Ming-Qing dynasty, taking xi'an as a center, including Jingyang and Sanyuan county, super provincial center were formed and changed later in Shaanxi, the reason is feudal government interfere ,not trade route which was put forward by some scholars before.6.The number of town is the symbol of commercial development. Analysis different-time characteristic and regional contrast of commercial towns of three-district in Shaanxi(northem-Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern-Shaanxi), summarize their developmental features and distribute pattern during Ming-Qing dynasty; During Ming-Qing dynasty, developmental level of commercial towns of three-district in Shaanxi was lower than that of Jiangnan area, and also lower than northern-China, it means commercial economic development in Shaanxi province is lag behind. Furthermore, commercial town development appeared different-time characteristic and regional contrasti influenced not only by natural environment ,but also human environment, such as Menghan military confrontation region during Ming dynasty, military towns became commercial towns because of military consume , it is very typical in this area even in whole country.7.Research on countryside market is very important to commodity requirement, countryside mar...