The Idea Of Historical Existentialism

This paper analyzed the existential circumstance opened by the modernity and in which understood the classical philosophy and the philosophy of Heidergger and Marx. The historical materialism of Marx should be understood as "Historical Existentialism". There are five chapters in the paper and the contents will be summarized briefly in the following. The first chapter pointed out the modernity and the existential circumstance opened by the modernity. 1, the modernity opened two kind of existential circumstances. (a) The existential circumstance in the sense of ontology. It means going back or resuming Greek tradition of the existentialism. Heidergger believed that it was Platon, Aristoteles and Hegel who took the existential circumstance from the opening state into a covering realm firstly. During the two thousands of years "no one ask" about "the significance of being". Heidergger just want to resume the Greek tradition of the existentialism. This is the existential circumstance opened by the modernity. (b) The existential circumstance opened in the sense of the World Outlook. When the essence of the modernity was understood as "world became into picture" by Heidergger, the existential circumstance opened by modernity was gave the extensive significance of World Outlook at the same time. In the concrete, it implied a movement of pursuing autonomy in the sense of World Outlook that "human being going back to its original state of the existence". So all the modern philosophy including that of Marx were leaded into the existential circumstance in the sense of World Outlook. The second chapter analyzed the ontology philosophy based on the transcendental existence and its necessity to go toward the historical existence. The philosophy based on the transcendental existence was departed into three parts: existential philosophy of Greek, modern metaphysical and the existential philosophy of Heidergger. They all belong to ontology philosophy. On the logic of history of philosophy, the ontology philosophy was also divided into two parts, one is metaphysical, and the other one is existential philosophy. On the inherent logic of philosophy, it was divided into ontology and moral metaphysical including ethics. As the original action of the existence, the transcendental existence became "the philosophy of subjective consciousness". It realized the autonomy of "being". But at the same time, the moral metaphysical and ethics it realized also provided a theory resources for the autonomy of "human being" who is going toward the historical existence. Both the subjective ethics principle of Kant and the ethics of Hegel are the behavioral principles of "God" in its essence. they have real significance only when they are in "the other shore" of "human being". Because of having a subjective false side in themselves, they can not realize the autonomy of "human being" unless was leaded into the historical existence. The third chapter analyzed the metaphysical foundation of the experiential existence and its necessity to go toward the historical existence. The basic characteristic of the pure the experiential existence is "the immediacy without any limitation". To understand the experiential existence, it was begun from Nietzsche because he established the ontology foundation for the experiential existence really. So, Nietzsche is the first philosopher to oppose the transcendental existence and go toward the other extremity----the experiential existence. The experiential existence itself can not realize the autonomy of human being too. Because in the state of the experiential existence, people act only according to the natural law, its autonomy is false. People have no freedom in the pure perceptual world. So, kant believed that they were enslaved by "heteronomie" and Hegel called the rule obeyed by the people living in the experiential existence as "the Abstract Law". The experiential will was immersed in things and can not recognize its autonomy, therefore, the experiential existenc...