| This paper provides a study of the Fujian cities in the modern times. In the particular region of Fujian, with Fuzhou and Xiamen taking the lead, the opening of the ports ushered in the century-long slaw and tortuous modem history of Fujian cities. The paper, with city modernization as the main thread, attempts to provide a comprehensive in-depth analysis of the economic evolution of Fujian cities in the modern period and various social transformations arising from this evolution, and identifies the characteristics of the evolution of city development and the causes of the impact on its development.The introduction part of the paper provides a review of the research in China and abroad, and then proceeds to illustrate the concepts and issues related to this paper; it also elaborates on the research framework and theoretical methodology, and provides a basic history account.This paper attempts to provide an analysis of the history of modern cities in Fujian from multiple perspectives and over a lengthy period of time. This paper, by combining sectional accounts and featured studies, consists of two segments. The first segment breaks down the modern history of Fujian cities into three stages in a chronological order at three major points: The Opium War, the founding of the Republic of China, and the breakout of the War of Resistance against Japanese Invasion, and provides an overview of the city development from the perspectives of city economy and city construction. Chapters in this section dwell on commerce, finance, industry and city construction respectively. The first sectopm encompasses the following chapters:Chapter I: The Ecological Environment and Ancient History Development of Fujian City. This chapter mainly discusses the ecological environment of Fujian city development and the profile of the development of Fujian cities in ancient times.Chapter II: The Evolution of Fujian cities in the Late Qing Dynasty. Spanning the period of time from the Opium War in 1840 to the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, this stage is the initial period in which Fujian cities developed from traditional cities to modern cities. This chapter mainly expounds the preliminary modernization of the trade, commerce, industry, finance, and city construction of Fujian cities following the opening of ports.Chapter III: The Transformation of Fujian Cities in the Initial Period of the Republic of China. Spanning the period of time from 1912 to the eruption of the War of Resistance against Japanese Invasion, this stage is the preliminary period ofcity development. This chapter mainly expounds the further development of the trade, commerce, industry, finance, and city construction of Fujian cities following the founding of the Republic of China.Chapter IV: The Tortuous Development of Fujian Cities in the Late Period of Republic of China. Spanning the period of time from the eruption of the War of Resistance against Japanese Invasion, this stage witnessed the relative stagnation of Fujian cities. Coastal cities were slow in development while inland cities experience considerable growth.The second segment is a horizontal featured study which provides a specific analysis of some major issues that had a strong bearing on the city development in order to reflect the transformation of the cities from multiple aspects. It consists of the following chapters:Chapter V: The Establishment of the Status of Regional Economic Centers. This chapter mainly discusses the emergence and role of Fuzhou and Xiamen as Fujian's regional economic centers, and the interaction between the cities and neighboring rural areas.Chapter VI: The Change of City Population and Social Strata. This chapter analyzes the population growth and migration, demographic structure, foreigners in the city, and the changes of occupational and stratum structures in the city society in the urbanization process.Chapter VII: The Development City Culture, Education, Medical Care and Public Health. This chapter discusses the development of modern education, the e...
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