Administrative Centralization: The Modern Bureaucratic

This dissertation intends to explore and analyze modern American bureaucracy under the guidance of Historical Materalism and by synthetically using a research way of combinations on history, political science and public administration. Author states that the research result not only examines the creation and development of modern American bureaucracy and its social influences, but also reveals relations among bureaucracy and pluralism of American politics and society, bureaucratic protecting means, evolutions of American political system and the dependence of modern American society on bureaucrats. Furthermore, the dissertation points out that the creation of bureaucracy and the overflow of bureaucratism were an inevitable phenomenon of American politics in 20l century. The dissertation contains three parts, including preface, main body and conclusion.Preface mainly limits bureaucrats and bureaucracy, explains significances of choosing this dissertation, and introduces academic information in China as well as in the United States, main contents, author's basic opinions, and research means on this topic.Main body contains five chapters. Chapter one explores the creation of the civil service and the expanse of the civil service force. This chapter examines a change of politics and executive in American federal government during the establishment of the civil service (in particular examines a change of civil servants' status) by discussing the Pendleton Act of 1883 and the creation of the civil service. The dissertation reveals relationship between the civil service and bureaucracy through analyzing the change. Chapter two discusses conflicts between the bureaucratic group and the chief executive. Based on the principle of "checks, balances and separations of powers" on American politics, this chapter discusses checks of federal political system on presidential authorities in federal government, on the one hand, and states relationship between bureaucrats and the President and challenges of bureaucrats on presidential authorities inexecutive branch, on the other hand. Chapter three discusses the bureaucratic group and the congressional entrustment of legislation. Based on the theory of "checks, balances and separations of powers", this chapter not only points out characteristics of executive management authorities shared by Congress and the President, but also discusses the fact of a secret agreement built between Congress and bureaucrats through congressional entrustment on bureaucrats. As a result, this fact provides a stable political foundation for the bureaucratic group in federal government. Chapter four discusses the confluence of the bureaucratic group and social forces in the United States. From point of view on American social pluralism, this chapter analyzes basic reasons of declination on American parties and of rise on interest groups, on the one hand, and bureaucrats found a social support through interest groups, on the other hand. As a result, this fact provides a stable social foundation for the bureaucratic group in American society. Chapter five discusses the development of bureaucracy and the overflow of bureaucratism in the United States. From point of view on changes and influences of American political system and American politics and economy, this chapter examines the creation of bureaucracy and the overflow of bureaucratism. It further analyzes political and social foundations of modern American bureaucracy in dual views of politics and society.Conclusion further concludes and sublimations contents of the dissertation, on the one hand, and analyzes reasons of modern American bureaucracy in various of layers and angles, on the other hand.