.3-5 Year-old Children The Independence Of The Characteristics And Influencing Factors Research

Independence (Autonomy) is one of the important research subjects ofpsychology. In contrast with other psychology domains, however, there are stillfew researches on independence at home and abroad now-days. It is very weak inthe researches on the theory and confirmation. Therefor, it badly needsscientific theory-construction and concrete studies on the developmentcharacteristics and affecting factors. The research combined theory with confirmation, quality research withquantity research to explore the independence structure of children with 3-5years old, and its stability, its variability, its development characteristicsand the affecting factors. The research enriched the developmental theory ofindependence, and provided scientific basis for the family and the preschool todevelop children's independence. The first part of the research was the study on the independence structureof 3-5 years old children. The aim was to explore the independence structure ofchildren. The study has developed an independence questionnaire for children,which consists of 110 items. Then 47 items were kept by item analysis. We thenused this questionnaire to do confirmatory analysis with another sample. And weonly kept 20 items this time. We used the questionnaire with 20 items to doconfirmatory analysis with a third sample. The finding showed that thestructure model with 20 items was reasonable. Finally, a large number ofchildren in Dandong city and Jinzhou city were tested with the 20-itemquestionnaire. The multiple-sample confirmatory analysis showed that, (1) thequestionnaire had a good reliability and validity. It could be used to assesschildren's independence with 3-5 years old, (2) the independence structure of3-5 years old children was consists of self-reliance, self-control and self-assertion. The second part of the research was the study on the stability andvariability of independence of children with 3-5 years old. The study adoptedtwo-factor experimental design to examine 3-5 years old children's independencewhen the child was working upon different difficult level tasks and when therewas different person with him (or her). The findings proved that 3-5 years oldwas the key period for the development of children's independence, which lied III3～5 岁儿童独立性发展特点与影响因素研究in three aspects: firstly, children's independence became more and more stablewith the age. The stability of independence began to develop in the 3-4 yearsold, and by the age of 5, children's independence appeared stronger stability.Children's independence kept the same in different situations. Secondly, thesituations had much affect on the children's independence. Self-reliance andself-assertion were mainly affected by difficulty degree of tasks. Childrenshowed more dependence and compliance when they were working on the hard tasks.Both difficulty level of tasks and the persons who were with the childrenaffected self-control. Children showed stronger self-will when they wereworking on the hard tasks and when their mothers were with them. Thirdly, therewere differences among the types of the children's independence development.There were five types in the development of 3,4 years old children'sindependence, and when the children were 5 years old, one of the five typesdisappeared, then another type appeared instead. And this showed that 5 yearsold was the faster period for children's independence development. The third part of the research was the study on the affecting factors in 3-5 years old children's independence development. This study adopted qualityresearch. In the first step, we adopted ethno methodology to study thechildren's independence in the experimental preschool classes where teacherseducated the children's independence. The researcher spent more than two yearsin studying the classes with ethno methodology method. After having obtainedgeneral concepts, the researcher organ...