The Administrative Power Of The County And The Control Of The Local Society During The Republic Of China: For Example Of The Administrative Reform At The County Level In Sichuan Province And Xikang Province From 1928 To 1949

For a long time, the power structure at the basic level and the governmental control of the local society from late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China has been a problem concerned by the intellectual world. During the recent 50 years, although a lot of relating documents have come up, they are very similar to the research pattern of Xiaotong Fei and Zanqi Du in their thought and frame of analysis. They generally focused on the control of the local society by the elite but neglected the establishment of the local political system and the usefulness of the local administration. More importantly, they paid little attention to the administrative reform at the county level pursued by the Nationalist government for about 20 years. Although the local politics and the basic control of this period still belong to the power structure of the old system, change had taken place and they showed many modern characters. In this paper, the author studies the administrative operation at the county level in Sichuan province and Xikang province from 1928 to 1949 and researches the development of the controlling ability of the central government and the change of the power structure of the local society.This paper is divided- into five parts: preface, content, conclusion ,index and the bibliography. The major part is consisted of eight chapters: In chapter one ,that is the preface the author looks back and generalizes the research achievements of the intellectual world from the "local elite" and "the power of the basic government", takes the effectiveness of the local government of the Nationalist of China as the view point and establishes the research pattern and the document resource.Chapter two looks back the development of the local administrative system briefly, explains the conception "local area", "local government" and "county administration", and introduces the policy and relating laws and rules of the reform made by the Nationalist government, the background and the process of the reform.Chapter three takes Jianyang county, Peiling county and Huayang County of Sichuan province during the said period as case, analyses the success and failure in the initial stage of the administrative reform by the name of "local autonomy". The author concludes that although the local administration controlled by the "the administration of the defending area" in Sichuan didn't change essentially such aims as division of "autonomous area", establishment of county parliament and handling official business by cooperating government office etc, all finished on time which advanced the development of the local career. It also explaines the local differnces of the local administrative reform.Chapter four analyses the carrying out of the policy" a general reform of the basic administration" in the middle 1930's in Sichuan, and use the facts of reducing and reforming the bureau, establishing new district office, restoring the system and rectifying the local mass organizations of the basic government of Ziyang, Ebian, GusongN Peiling,Xindu and etc, in order to study the augment of the basic government below the county level and point out the character of the formation of the bureaucracy system, that is, set out late(formally starting from about February 1935, after the uniting of the administration throughout the whole Sichuan province), complete quickly, carry out thoroughly and affect the local society strongly.Chapter five use the operation of the basic administration in Luojiang county and Ziyang county of Sichuan and the Hanyuan county of Xikang as cases, discusses the problem of the adoption of the administration, the power augment of the local government and the formation of the local administrators during the carrying out of ,and introduce the final pattern of the nationalist government to consolidate the local power in inland areas such as Sichuan and Xikang. In this chapter, the author also makes special effort to study the establishment of such systems as the temporary parliament of the county, the county parliament and the and their administ...