The Educational Policy And The Literature Of Taiwan In The 1950-60s

Education is the basic demand for Men. Textbook is the mainly basis to education. But knowledge is not neutrally, on the contrary, which contains power, economic command, etc. Taiwan government in 1950s to 1960s had the same situation. Because of grasping all of the societal resources, The government used various way of education, especially school education and society education, to educated the masses in order to consolidate its domination. The education policy and the textbook of that time had an effect on the literature in the same time. The Anti-CPC education and Anti-CPC literature were emerged in such educational policy. Firstly , the influence from education on society and culture. When the society choose , classify, and distribute the educational knowledge, the distribution of power and the domination of society are also obvious. This rule is also available to the course selection of school, which usually reflect the affection of the ideology or societal resources out of school. So textbook represents the intention of the ruling class. From 1950 to 1980, all the textbook of Taiwan are assigned by country and supplied freely to the primary school and middle school which institute compulsory education. In other words ,textbook becomes the important means to politics, especially in 50s-70s, in order to accord with the basic policy of the state, Anti-CPC and resuming the country became the aim to the education of school, especially the primary school. Secondly, the Anti-CPC education and Militant Literature. in 1949,KMT was compelled to move from Mainland to Taiwan. From then on, compatriots of the Chinese nation start the separating between the Straits during the following half century. At that time, counterattacking and resuming thecountry are the basic policy of the Taiwan. Identically with the policy , the Militant Literature became to control the literary world. The Anti-CPC literature constituted the main part. As a planned literary educational movement, the Militant Literature itself went through a developing process, namely the rudimentary stage from Nov.1949 to 1950,the overflow stage from Mar.1950 tol956. at last, occupying the literature world with the official capacity. The government used three kinds of literary tactics to promote the movement, one, gave awards to Militant Literature by government. Two, set up the popular organizations by government to absorb those Militant Literature writers. Three, set up literary publications. In a word the official hegemony enveloped all the literary world. The Militant Literature can control the Taiwan literary world at once for the following reasons: on the one hand, the high handed measure of political rights combined the educational policy; on the other hand, It is also the emergency measure to stabilize the mind. We also named the Militant Literature "anesthetic literature" or "evading literature". Thirdly, the affection of Anti-CPC education and the Militant Literature of Taiwan in50s-60s. At that time, the writer engaged in the Anti-CPC literature made up by two kinds of people, coming from the political circles and coming from armed force. Both of them played the part of the tools to the official politics myth. Anti-CPC novel is the main kinds of the Anti-CPC literature. All the novels have the same content, accusing the evil of the banditry and publicizing the counterattack. These writers can use the lively figures and the soul-stirring stories to express their emotion of concerning their country and people. The Anti-CPC poems have the same theme with the Militant Literature. But the poetic world had a complicated situation. The poets which native place is Taiwan had to face the double difficult positions: language and politics, so they became the fringe person. But those who went after the KMT coming to Taiwan, became the main steam. At that time ,the poetic world of Taiwan arouse four poetic masse organizations:"modernist shool ""chuangshiji " "lanxing" "yinlinghui" All of them put forward different views, contributed the rich and varied works. But under thecircumstances that all of the culture resources were controlled by government, most of them selected to cooperated. With the ruining of the politics myth counterattack and and resuming the country, Anti-CPC literature and Militant Literature went to meet their downhill. Fourth , the education in 50s and 60s have an effect on the literature of 70s and 80s. The people those accepted the education at school, became the main body of the literature creation in 70s, 80s, even 90s. They were born after postwar, so they were used to be called "postwar generation ". in their experience, the real China wasn't appeared, only the culture China under the education policy. The "postwar generation" must face the difficult position of their own times. From 1970s,Taiwan meet with many serious events, which arouse the literature world wallowed in the surrealist. So the Anti-CPC education in 1950s fermented again. About novels, the "juancun literature" created by the second generation of other provinces people. These literature works were looked upon as the direct lion of Anti-CPC and the nostalgia literature. Poems :during the development of Taiwan new poems,1970s is the turning point . The newly generation introspected and looked for new directions. The new poetry organization undertook the responsibility to destroy and reconstruct, the poems at 1980s had the character of resistance because of the declaring martial law ended. According to the analysis above, we can reach the following conclusion : the Anti-CPC literature sprang up under the historical environment with the spontaneity, and because of the political forces, it became the grand scale in the future days to come. So far as the Anti-CPC literature creation itself, it goes with the steam and form. the features with introspecting history and remembering past times. Also the Anti-CPC literature is formulistic in art and literature, forming the Anti-CPC eight-part essay following the same pattern. Still more, the Anti-CPC literature act as the political mouthpiece, all of these creation abuse, Anti-CPC literature not only suffered the abandonment by readers, but also made itself fall into the decline. But as the witness of historical scar, the Anti-CPC literature contained the blood and tears ofthousands of Chinese during migrating and wandering. So today ,when we ponder over the Anti-CPC literature again, we should not admit that it is only the record of the history, it also had the profound culture significance and far-reaching historical significance. In a word we must face up to the Anti-CPC literature if we hope the another wave of ideological literature won't appear next century.