Europe As The Other

Drawing on the current popular cross-cultural communication theory, this dissertation demonstrates a new approach to studying acceptance and interaction among literatures. The relationship between the European literature and the Chinese literature, in light of this theory, proves rightly instrumental in analyzing modern Chinese literature in 1930s. Although discussions of the European image in Chinese literature, also the central concern of this dissertation, have been immense, they are in effect influenced by the Orientalism and undeniably much of those efforts is evidence of self-Orientalizing. To purge these studies of this ill tendency is what this dissertation aims at. It also sets out to understand Chinese literature of 1930s within the context interaction between the Chinese literature and European literatures, hoping it can contributes to a healthy literary communication between China and the West in the 21st century. Mainly, this thesis discusses the communicating subject (the study aboard and the traveler in European), media (literature translation) and the communicating results (including the European image in the fiction and travel notes, and the variation of the European literature trend in the particular culture context of Chinese 1930s), consequently in terms of the factors of the times and literature concluded that European literature is a applicable image of the Chinese 1930s' literature, as well as the others which perform the Chinese national literature and the culture identity.The dissertation has six charters.The introduction charter puts forward the research subject of European literature influence upon 1930s' Chinese literature, then defines and organizes the several topics such as Chinese literature in 1930s, European and relationship between European and China, and discusses this issue in the frame of the cross culture communicating theory.The first charter is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes transmission subject and make a statistics of the Chinese intellectuals who studied and traveled in European. On basis of the statistics, this section compares the Chinese intellectuals studying in European with ones in Japan and USA, and concludes that studying in European promoted the formation of the Chinese independent intellectuals in 1930s, as well as the transmission of European culture and literature in China. The second section mainly analyzes the European literature translation in the 1930s, and in one hand summarizes the translation of the important European nations' literature in China, which has commonfeatures such as complicated in classicism and modernism, systematic and organic. In sum, in the view of the second section, the transmission of European literature in china spread and deepened.The second chart discusses European image construction in Chinese literature of 1930s.The first section of this charter analyzes the several sorts of the European image described by travel record, which shape the Europe as romantic heaven, or as dark and disordered hell. All this images reflects the collective fancy and the status of 1930s'China. Comparing the travel record in May 5th movement period, the Chinese literature of 1930s deepened the understanding of the European civilization. On basis of the fictions of Bajin and Laoshe, the second section analyzes the struggle and suffering of Chinese intellectuals in 1930s that are under great pressures of the European colonialism course. They strived to pierce through the hedge of the European Orientalism and broke the chains of self-Oriented, then quest the culture identity of Chinese nation. Their pursuit manifests their responsibility to the Chinese nation.The third charter views Chinese literature in 1930s on behalf of European literature influences comprehensively. Analyzing fictions, the first section deems that modern literature promotes taste, representative technique and integrative style of the Chinese novels, and also analyzes the integration of modernism and realism in 1930s' China, such as midnight. The second section, on analyzing poems, considers that modernism developed in the trend of integrating Chinese tradition on aspects of language and taste. Moreover, the dissertation analyzes the tendency of the nationalized literature on case of Daiwangshu's poems, and considers European literature thoughts as the others to Chinese literature.The Fourth Chapter is made of two units. The first unit analyzes the 1930s variants in China of the European important modern ideology, that is, humanitarianism and enlightening logos. Especially humanism, which was complicated ideology, developed differently in China in the 1930s, from the 'Nala Affair', Ibsenian humanism in different times, from different social strata in China, was learned from. This case helps us know the 1930s Chinese attitude to European culture. The second unit analyzes the reasons of the learning and variants of European culture in China in the 1930s. This thesis bases on cross-cultural communication. It analyzes the influence of the special culture of context in the 1930 China of the European culture and literature.The conclusion points out a fact that European literature and culture were spread further and more abroad in China in the 1930s, however, because of the asymmetry of the spread and the special culture of context in China in the 1930s, European literature was always learned as 'He-Culture' withdifferent variants. Although as a 'He-Culture, European literature was good to the foundation of the 1930s Chinese main social systems. What's more, European literature promoted the development of Chinese national literature and the formation as a special culture identity.