Socialized Studies On The Natural Disaster Relief In The Republic Of China

The period of the Republic of China was suffering from nearly all kinds of disasters, with natural and man-made ones interweaving. This dissertation focused on the serious flood in 1931. It inspected the relief of the natural disaster in this period from the socialized angle of view.The seriousness of the flood in 1931 was unparalleled in the period of the Republic of China. The flood attacked the whole society badly and created enormous shock. The disaster was the most typical one in period of the Republic of China in view of its natural or man-made reasons and in view of its direct consequence or deep influence. Rather, it's in the medium-term of the worldwide economic crisis. It's bound in Japanese two invasions to China. It's mixed with the dilemma of armed struggle between Kuomintang and Communist Party and Jin Fission dispute of Kuomintang. It's so rare that it received much attention and assistance from the government and all walks of life. Therefore, it had the specimen significance of analyzing a particular case in detail in order to generalize the experience.The socialization is a main thread running through the article and is a head noun in author's self-explanation. The socialization of disaster's treatment is along with the development of social economy and the enhancement of people's social consciousness. The government and the public both take part in the relief so as to cause the denotation and exchange of resources, such as manpower, material, fund and information, especially the public's self-consciousness and activeness. During the period of the Republic of China, the socialization of natural disasters' relief had its forming condition and motivation, namely, inheriting of charitable tradition, developing of modern economy, growing of new social strength, promoting from mass media, improving of transportation communicating, spreading of modern countries' thoughts and government's helpless transfer of power.The formation of socialized disaster relief mechanism is combined with the social institutional establishment. The government and the public have perfect social establishment in regard to the organization and legislation for disaster relief. The idea of the government and the public being cooperating with each other during the relief is clearly expressed. During the relief of flood in 1931, a special method was adopted, namely, the trend of public relief instead of official relief. The government gave up its original set of mechanism, tended to the new public relief mechanism in view of the policy, fund collection, approaches, organizations and people assignment. Thus, socialization of relief had more reliable basis and was able to withstand all kinds of deliberation.The body of the dissertation is about the resources mobilization and information exchange of relief socialization. People from all walks of life paid much attention on the disaster. They provided advice actively, put forward many kinds of plans. The government and the public made whole social mobilization for man resources, material and fund through varied approaches. Information of disasters and the relief also obtained transmission. The socialized surveillance way provided all possible guarantee for the success of relief.Finally, the author made an achievement analysis to the relief socialization. A mass of detailed...