The Theory Of Ma Yi-fu On The Syncretizing In Xin-xue And Li-xue Of Confucian School Of Idealist Philosophy Of The Song And Ming Dynasties

The difference between Xin-xue and Li-xue appeared at the time of the debate between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, which became the haggle problem for hundred years thereafter.In the thesis, we analyzed the main points discussed in Xin-xue and Li-xue first, and sumed up their differences in the ontology. The school of Li-xue consider "Li" as his ontology, and dispart "Xin" and "Li", in fact, they abrogated the independence of "Xin" and accept the solidity of "Li" and substance. They thought the substance was the outwardness and had nothing business of "Xin", which resulted in the aftermath that "Xin" couldn't obtain the effective explain and took "Xin" as same as substance.The school of "Xin-xue" consider "Xin" as his ontology and thought that the substance wasn't out of "Xin" and established by the ontology of "Xin", that is to say, the substance wan the business. The business was the meaning world built by "Xin". But because the school of "Xin-xue" abrogated the independence of substance, so they leaned to the denial tendency of substance, which resulted in the settling of ontology and couldn't develop to the metaphysics.The discuss between "Xin-xue" and "Li-xue" continued in the modern times. At the modern times, whether Neo-Li-xue or Neo-Xin-xue, were all woke up to the differences between them and tried to attemper the differences, in fact, they only wanted to synerge the other.The school of Neo-Xin-xue, such as Feng Youlan, tried to cancel the fundamental problems of "Xin-xue" and replaced "Xin-xue" by "Li-xue". The school of Neo-Xin-xue, such as Xiong Shili, tried to replace "Li-xue" by "Xin-xue".The philosophy theory of Ma Yifu, concluded the elements of "Xin-xue" and "Li-xue". In the side of "Xin-xue", he constructed his ontology by "Nothing out of Xin", and thought that the substance was the world of business bulit by the "Xin", inthe same time, he analyzed his ontology by "No-Li out of Xin" and thought that the ontology was the Li. As well as known, the syncretism of Knowledge and Action was the problem on Being. The syncretism of Knowledge and Action advocated by Wang Yangming had the tendency that thought the Knowledge as Action. Ma Yifu extended the proposition to the syncretism of Knowledge and Ability, and the Ability had the meaning of function, which required the Knowledge had the functions and could remedy the bugs of the syncretism of Knowledge and Action.In the side of "Li-xue", based on the ontology of "Nothing out of Xin", Ma Yifu explained the questions of "Li-xue", and made it become a new metaphisics, which differed from the traditional "Li-xue". Ma Yifu used "Ti-Yong-yi-Yuan" as the basic structure, and took the "Xin" as the ontology, whicn abrogated the character of substance in the "Li" and "Xin", at the same time, he advocate the metaphisics proposition that was the syncretism of Li and Qi.LunXing , the author was Wang Guowei, was the jumping-off point which we discussed the human nature in the modern times. Ma Yifu used the structure "Yi-Xin-Kai-Er-Men" in Buddhism as the theory structure, and based on the Realizing, he reinterpreted the thought "Xin-Tong-Xing-Qing", and demonstrated the theory that people are inherently good, and pointed out that the badness was not correspond to the ontology, so the badness was not natural. So he definituded the relationship among the habitude, feeling and talent, which were the relationship of "Ti" and "Yong", and their badness were not nature.In the side of the way of culture himself, based on the theory of ontology and metaphiscis, synthesized the "Li-xue" and "Xin-xue", and used the ways of culturing in Buddhism for reference, Ma Yifu put forward his ways of culturing oneself that paid equal attention to the culturing and learning. Culturing was the way of stopping evil ideas and had feeling of worship, which was as same as the culturing way of "the school of Tian Tai". Learning was realizing the ontology, and was the perceive course, which was not the course of knowledge but need the realizing.Ma Yifu used the "Xing" as the keypoint intersculating "Xin-xue" and "Li-xue". Whether the ontology or metaphisics, which were all based on the realing that was "Jian-ji" advocated by Ma Yifu. The ontology need the provement of realing, and the metaphisics need the explainment of realing. After that, the common human could become the sage, and the heart of sage was the "Tian-li", and only the sage could increase and decrease the culture system, so we could say that the sage was thefoundation stone of culture. And the sage could exceed all the words when he estimated problems.The specific affirmation that human could become the sage by realing, which advocated by Ma Yifa, Liang Shuming and Xiong Shili, was the premss which Neo-Confucian in the modern times outspreaded their theories.