Six Sketchbooks Vocabulary

In the history of development of Chinese lexis, Six Dynasties is a very important period which formed a link between ancient times and middle ancient times. Social upheaval, the change of social life and customs and the penetration of foreign culture were reflected in the lexis of this period which was totally different from the ancient times. Six Dynasties BiJi novel symbolized the state of the language of this period for its rich content and colloquial characters. It is of high value in corpus.On the basis of the research of forebears, this paper chose eleven BiJi novels and the corpus with 350,000 words to study the lexis of the novels about people and supernatural events. To increase the precise degree of study and liability of the conclusion, we build a close corpus about the lexis in the Six Dynasties BiJi novel and analyze it in a scientific manner. It is divided into five chapters. The focal points are "Buddhist words", "moving track of the inherited meaning of monosyllabic words", "evolution of monosyllabic words", "classification of the semantic meaning of disyllabic words in the novel", " thorough research on the affixes of Six Dynasties","lexicalization of disyllabic words in Six Dynasties BiJi Novel"......On the basis of thedescriptive linguistics, historical comparative linguistics, cognitive linguistics and grammaticalized theory, we combine the traditional scholium to have through the former result and contribute to the study of discontinuous lexis.Chapterâ… introduction. It mainly tells the cause, meaning and value of the subject of the study. The chapter reviewed the state of the study of the lexis in Six Dynasties BiJi novel since 1980s, pointed out the weakness of the study, and clarified the theory, manner and scope of the corpus.Chapterâ…¡The general picture of the lexical system of Six Dynasties BiJi novel.According to the structure of the lexis, there are inherited words, new words, Buddhist words Taoist words and Six Dynasties Talking words .Language is always changing. If we want to study the lexis of a period, we will analyze the lexical state of this period. In this way, we can regard the separated lexis as a system to classify and describe it. It is extremely important to the study of Chinese lexical history. The lexical contents of Six Dynasties BiJi novel are multiple. Many new words and meanings come up with the inheritance of the lexis of ancient times. Some common and colloquial words become the origin of modern Chinese lexis. Under the influence of religion and social customs, Buddhist words, Taoist words and social words appeared in BiJi novel. Buddhist words not only enriched the Chinese lexical system but improved the development of the Chinese disyllabic words. Chinese and Buddhist language influenced each other. Chinese and Buddhist lexis supplemented each other.Chapterâ…¢Monosyllabic words in Six Dynasties BiJi novel. It mainly tells the new words, the new extended meaning, the evolution of semantic meanings, etc.Monosyllabic words are the base of disyllabic words. The research on the monosyllabic words can help to master the change of lexical system. There are not only new monosyllabic words but words with new meanings. As for the latter one, we take the theory of semantic field and analyze the morphemes in the field. The change of basic words includes the replacement of form and meaning. The result of the change of two basic words is the change in form; the other change leads to the change of lexical system. As for the evolution of the semantic meaning, it is mainly about the reallocation of the inner lexical system. In the way of extension, affection and transformation, the lexical system is enriched.Chapterâ…£Disyllabic words in Six Dynasties BiJi novel.It includes the standard of the evaluation of disyllabic words in Six Dynasties BiJi novel, classification of the semantic meaning of disyllabic words in the novel, old disyllabic words, new disyllabic words, reason and way of forming the disyllabic words, lexicalization of disyllabic words, etc.Disyllabic words were improved fast during the period of Six Dynasties. The analysis and research on the disyllabic words will help us master the evolution of the lexical system. Firstly, we come up with four standards of the evaluation of disyllabic words with the cognitive linguistics and grammatical theory. Secondly, we make a classification of the semantic meaning of disyllabic words in different semantic field.In this way, we can clearly see the difference between the lexis of novel and the lexis of other writing styles. Secondly, We classify all the disyllabic words and analyze them in a scientific way. As for the old disyllabic words, the emphasis is put on the evolution of the transferred words; new words , which belong to the new era, set the base for the synchronic study. And we study the new words from the relation between signifier and referent, new and old morphemes, inner structure and the transformation of the semantic meanings, etc. As for the inner structure, we compare the eight ways of word formation of Six Dynasties BiJi novel with those of ancient times. And we research the affixes of seven categories and twenty-two features, showing the characters of the affixes in Six Dynasties. At the same time, we discuss the new disyllabic words and their inner structure. Thirdly, we study the evolution of the semantic meaning of Six Dynasties in modern Chinese. Almost half of the disyllabic words in Six Dynasties BiJi novel still exist in modern Chinese. Then we try to analyze the reasons for disyllabic words from the view of language and society. At last, we discuss the lexicalization of the disyllabic words in Six Dynasties BiJi novel. During the lexicalization, the original meaning of the phrases is changed by the help of metaphor and metonymy. The lexicalization of the words is divided into three phases: the word, the transformed and the unfinished. It is important to research the lexicalization of these phrases.Chapterâ…¤Synonyms and Antonyms in Six Dynasties BiJi novel.Fisrst of all, ,analyses the distribution of synonyms and antonyms in Six Dynasties BiJi novelin terms of syllables ,grammar etc,and carries out classified discrimination towards those and antonyms. We analyzed the different types of synonyms and antonyms,discusses the semantic relationship an corresponding relationship of the synonyms and antonyms in Six Dynasties BiJi novel,and analyzed the causes leading to the imbalance of the corresponding relationshiop of those synonyms and antonymsChapterâ…¥Polysyllabic words in Six Dynasties BiJi novel, including trisyllabic words and quadrisyllabic words.With the development of the society and the improvement of the level of thinking, people need more ways of communication besides disyllabic words. Polysyllabic words are just the production of this era. The referents of trisyllabic words change a lot compared with that of pre-Qin period. In word formation, we pay more attention on trisyllabic words, the change in the word structure proves that the word formation in Six Dynasties is more complex than the ancient times. And the Six Dynasties BiJi novel paved the way for the phrases of four words. We analyze the historical origin, formation and origin of the phrases of four words and get the features during Six Dynasties.The last part is the conclusion. After the research and organization of the words, we get the characteristics of the following words: Firstly, it is a rich combination of different words. From microscopic view, there are inherited words and new words, local religious words and foreign words. From microcosmic view, the development of society and the increase of the cognitive level lead to the appearance of paradigmatic synonyms and antonyms. Secondly, the ability of the composition of the lexis is strengthened. From microscopic view, the lexis of Six Dynasties enlarges its collocational ability. From microcosmic view, the extension of the semantic meaning leads to the polysemy of the words. Thirdly, the change of the movement of the lexis is aggravated. From microcosmic view, the replacement of the basic words is obvious; from microcosmic view, the semantic meaning is changed according to metaphor and metonymy. Fourthly, the disyllabic feature is strengthened. It is achieved by different ways. Fifthly, the novelistic feature of the lexis is obvious. Words are quite colloquial. They enriched the Chinese lexical system and highlighted the feature of described things.