Zhang Zai Philosophical System

Zhang Zai in North Song Dynasty(A.C 960----1127)was the virtual inaugurator about the theoretical foundation of SONG MING LICUE.HIS philosophy was created by the Book of Change as it's skeleton. After we research the philosophical system of Zhang Zhai, we can know the evaluative process of problem consciousness, the cortical proposition and category about Song Ming Li Xue.There are 10 chapters in this thesis. The first chapter is pandect. It discusses the political thoughtful, social, technical causes of growing up of New Confucianism in Chinese academic history. It discusses the relation of Zhang Zai philosophy and the Book of Change from several aspects, i.e. The influence of Tian Ren Yi Ti cosmology of the Book of Change for Zhang Zai ontology, and the using for reference of the Book of Change for a lot of philosophical category and theoretical proposition. It discusses the logical start of Zhang Zai philosophy, the problem of different of fitting for Xing and Qing leaving behind from Liao in Tang Dynasty (A.C.618-907), the problem of Tian Ren Er Ben leaving behind from Zhou Den Yi, and the problem of Confucian cosmology. Their theoretical flaw was the theoretical start of Zhang. It discusses two important tools of thought about Zhang philosophy, the idea of Ti Yong and Li Yi Fen Su.The 2^nd chapter discusses the ontology about Zhang philosophy. Zhang rectified Tai Xu and Qi category, drastically exceed the traditional cosmology of Chinese philosophy, created Confucian ontology. Tai Xu was the natural condition and final cause of the existence of the world. Tai Xu wasn't the existing condition in the world, was the abstract of the thought of the men. Tai Xu was the philosophical category with the common nature with Qi (figure), and with stable factor with complicated induction of Qi (figure). Qi (ontology)as the foundation of Zhang philosophy was the ontological of existing substance, induction, thought and social phenomenon in the world, was the idealistic generalization about the thing with figure. The propositions of Yi Wu Liang Ti contain abstract philosophic theory. The meaning of One is Tian Ren Yi Ti, the meaning of Two was the unfitting relation of the heaven and the world Shen. Zhang always thought that the cause of the world was more important than Yiu and Yang confirmed by material law.The 3^rd chapter discuses the Theory of Xin and Xing. The extent of Zhang's Xing category was Dao. It's the theory what Zhang exceed the ancient Confucianism. Xing was uppermost abstract without material figure of thing .wasn't the thing quality adhering Qi . Zhang 's Tian Di Zhi Xing and Qi Zhi Zhi Xing drastically solve a problem of Confucianism . the evil in the world was made by the flaw of Qi (figure), although there were goodness and evil in the world, ontology was without evil. Zhang's theory of Xin thought Xin was the common nature of ontology and phenomenon domain, the 3^rd thing after heaven and earth, can prove that heaven and men were one thing, reach uppermost idealistic level, it's the holy Xin. Zhang emphasized that the men should get rid of all secular Xin's philistinism. It's not the outcome of thinking. It's the uppermost ambit without thinking and interference.The 4^th chapter discusses Zhang's theory of fate. Zhang thought fate was the law in the world. Fate was the refection of all kinds of induction in the condition with the figure of Yin and Yang. Zhang created a new category Yu. It was the men's condition with fate. Zhang thought fate was in the noble domain without secular misery and happiness.The 5^th chapter discuss Zhang's Tian Li. Zhang was the 1^st philosopher provide for the problem of Li from the aspect of the relation of Li and Qi. He gave mush contribution the abundance of Li category. Zhang's Li or Tian Li, in the one hand, exceed the thing's material law, in the other hand, exceed the generalization of thing's law in the modern thought, reached the extent of abstract natural existence of the world.The 6^th chapter discusses Zhang's theory of induction. Zhang thought induction was the form connecting ontology and phenomenon. The holy men master the country by induction of people's soul.The 7^th chapter discusses Zhang's theory about the Book of Chang and scientific philosophy. Zhang thought theory was the soul of the Book of Change, and that the theory of morality fitted time was the real reason.The 8^th chapter discusses Zhang's theory about etiquette. Zhang developed the thought of etiquette. Zhang developed the thought of etiquette of Confucianism. He thought the holy man made etiquette by Li, and moderation was the normalization of etiquette.The 9^th chapter discusses the meaning of Zhang's mater piece Xi Ming. The idea of Xin Ming used for reference the theory about ambit of Zhang Zhi.The 10^th chapter discusses the common place of Zhang's philosophy and Xun's. It checked the traditional opinion that Zhang's philosophy only inherited Men's thought.