"lun Heng Cited The Book Study

This article takes the quotations in LunHeng as a sense of questioning, follows the way of" textual research", to do a reading research of the quotations of the Confucian classics and biography books in LunHeng from the angle of a union of literature, academic/thought and the time and, on the foundation, to make a thorough inquiry and highlights the significance of Confucian classics and intellectual history caused by the quotations in LunHeng, and moreover, to research the political context and the epoch significance showed by LunHeng.The significance of the quotations of Confucian classics in LunHeng is: (1) in the classical annotation pattern aspect, Wang Chong made connections between Confucian classics with Dao, things, biography books, common customs and his views. He founded a way of explanation could be called "four in one", that is "Confucian classics-politics-biography books- common custom", which broke through the traditional way of "Confucian classics - politics".(2) To the Confucian classics, Wang Chong held an attitude of suspicion which came from Mencius and Huan Tan. This attitude has made a deep influence to the later generation and possessed a unique status in the classic-studies. (3) In the process of the discussion of classic-studies topics, LunHeng made a connection between the politics and academic. So frequently, its discussion was very close with the actual orientation of politics. The change of the focus of Wang Chong's research topics reflected the change of the topics at early and middle Eastern Han Dynasty. (4) The different attentions to the Five Classics of Wang Chong attributes that those classics faced different circumstances at the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Yi, rose on face while fell behind the face, Shangshu, enjoyed the great honors exclusively.The function of Shijing was weakening in politic and improving in education. Li's inheritance was on the decline, while its political operation was stagnant. Chunqiu, still had the irreproachable status. (5) LunHeng paid great attention to the sentences of "QiJie" in the Confucian classics attributes the emperors' commendation and the esteem to " QiJie" at the early Eastern Han Dynasty. It caused, the function in the classics education, decline of talent-select and promotion of commendation of "QiJie", which changed the development direction of classic-studies and become a principal factor of the decline of Jin-wen classic-studies.A lot of biography books be quoted by LunHeng. Of those, Mencius, Xun Zi, Lushih Chunchiu, Huai Nan Zi, Han Shi Wai Zhuan, Chun Qiu Fan Lu, Fa Yan, Xin Lun, Han Fei Zi and Lao Zi, Zhuang zi, were very close to the composition of LunHeng. (1)On construction of his knowledge field, Lushih Chunchiu and Huai Nan Zi which blended together the pre-Qin thinkers thought gave a most widespread and comprehensive influence to Wang Chong. On the base of criticism of Huai Nan Zi Wang Chong established the research principles, that were "cut apart culture and politics" and "defend oneself, and he proposed that intellectual should learn to protect himself.(2) The "idea of sage" of Wang Chong which based on Han Shi Wai Zhuan provided him the theory resources for his composition. At the same time, his writings was also influenced by Yang Xiong, Huan Tan. However, he wants to beappreciated by high ranks by way of "offering poems", while he was very afraid of being punished by high ranks, this contradiction had demonstrated between the devil and the deep sea for the intellectual when they were writing their works. (3) The quotations of Mencius and Xun Zi indicated that, on the one hand, he "punctured Mencius " but also "to revere Mencius ", while Mengxue did not have an immediate effect on the practice, on the other hand, he tended to Xunxue in the practice, though his appraisal to Xun Zi was not high. (4) To quote the literatures of FaJia and to "Fei Han" by Wang Chong revealed the political contradiction between two ideas "RenDe" or "RenXing", and, the anxiety between the Confucian scholars and government officials at that age, as well as his solutions to these questions. (5) Wang Chong cited the Taoism works repeatedly in his book. He hoped that the art of "Huang-Lao" could solve the political strait, which demonstrated his endeavors in other way to find a solution to the strait. At the same time, the highlight of Huang-Lao by Wang Chong indicated the revival of Taoism and the decline of classic-studies. (6)Wang Chong had inherited many factors from Chun Qiu Fan Lu, at the same time, he constructed his own ideology took "the human" or "the humanity" as the core which based on the explanation of "TianRenGanYing" of Dong Zhongshu. He considered "the humanity" as the judge of all things, the basis to value whether a theory is correct or not, as well as the foundation to constructed ideologies. This way inhabited the entire process of composition of LunHeng.