Employment For Demobilized Soldiers In 1950～1957

In the early phase of the People's Republic of China, the establishment and implement of the Arrange Employment for Demobilized Soldiers (AEDS) has its historical significance in the standardization of the modern Chinese army, the economic construction, and the construction of the political power. Meanwhile, it helped to reconstruct the Chinese society. But no monographic study or research on its historical and social significance has ever been conducted in the academic circles.The study on AEDS by the academic circles remained on the summarization and reflection of current policies, and the academic results on it from historical perspective can be rarely found. These academic results have various shortcomings: first, they are limited to the reflection of the history of policies, rather than from the perspective of the "man", which makes them more like the work summary of the arrange employment's department; second, they do not give much consideration to the historical lessons, but loaded with historical material. They do not connect the past and present to explain the origin of the current problems. Third, they do not theoretically conclude and understand the work of AEDS, thus they can't solve the current problems in AEDS.Based on the historical documents about AEDS in Shandong province from 1950 to 1957, this paper analyzes the establishment and implement of AEDS and to some extent overcome the shortcomings mentioned above.This paper has the following characteristics in methodology.First, this paper overcomes the obstacles of lacking published reference and explains the history through collecting and sorting the documentary material. Because most of these documentary material are the work summary of these departments, there must be some bragging and concealment. In order to verify the reliability of these documentary materials, the writer carried out some researches among those demobilized soldiers. Through researching, the writer proved the objectivity of these quoted material, and found some flaws in it.Second, the paper reproduces the original historical look on their demobilization, arrangement, production and life, and overcomes the shortcoming of "emphasizing the policy but ignoring the man" in the past historical research. Starting from the man-oriented and the fullest social security system, this paper rather objectively discusses the work of AEDS in history. And not like the past historical research results which only expounded the history through the process of the time, this paper mainly explains the historical time from the social space by changing the time into the space.Third, from the prospective of continual socialization, this paper explicates the demobilized soldiers' behavior and effect in studying social norms, internalizing and spreading the social culture, and reconstructing the social norms in the process of their arrange employment. What's more, this paper elaborates the great significance of AEDS in history and its social problems from the prospective of sociology, and analyses the actual problem's line of thought in the history, and thus the historical research is integrated with the current problems. Besides the new ideas mentioned above in methodology, this paper also brings three new ideas in its conclusion.First, a breakthrough is made in the applied research of continual socialization. While there are not many applied researches on it among the academic circles, for the first time this paper applies this theory to the research on AEDS in history, holding that the continual socialization of the demobilized soldiers can be comprehended from the angles of personality, cultural and social structure. By conserving the new social and cultural values peculiar to them, the demobilized soldiers achieved their role change from the army to the local in social reconstruction.Second, this paper argues that AEDS not only promotes the construction of the army's standard, the economy and the political power, but also advances the social mobility and strengthens the social control under the Chinese Communist Party. The demobilized soldiers play a key role in every construction; meanwhile, they spread the new social norms and values, and fortify the management over the society by the nation.Third, this paper holds that the AEDS is a process of the talent displacement through political means. This process fully enables the demobilized soldiers to play key roles in military, economy and politics through training, displacing and merging them into society. The talent displacement originated from War of Liberation was not only embodied in AEDS, but also in the other CPC's organizational and personnel systems.The structure of this paper is as follows: First, analyzes the process of demobilization of these soldiers from the Psychohistory and social psychology. This paper holds that its ideological and political education has very important significance in social psychology and continual socialization. Second, states the importance of attending the specialized training with a quick method from the perspective of culture in the theory of continual socialization. This paper maintains that the cultural education of these demobilized soldiers' helps them not only further spread the new social norms but also function as the backbone of construction contingents. Third, analyzes the detailed process of the role change for these demobilized soldiers from the perspective of social structure in the theory of continual socialization. It is in this process that they finally achieved their role change from soldiers to the common people, and began to play new roles. This process is the critical moment which decides whether they can successfully achieve their role change. Fourth, discusses their initiative to influence the society in everyday life and in their work from the perspective of the continual socialization. The chapter also concerns the difficulties appeared in the role change. They play key roles in each construction and give the historical play to the social reconstruction. Fifth, analyzes the theoretical significance of the talent displacement - AEDS. The mode of talent displacement not only fortifies the social control but also helps to analyze the contemporary Chinese history. It is a try in the construction of sociological "middle theory".The research on this issue has very important realistic significance.First, the research is of great help to the reflection of the realistic problem of AEDS. At present, AEDS is still in its early phase of reforming and exploring and the old form of arrange employment originated from the planned economy period remains. Therefore, the practice of the ADES in the early phase of new China has its enlightening significance to the current problems. For example, why, in a period when the work of AEDS was at its heaviest time, it is done comparative well? Why they made great achievement in this period, but serious social problems arose at the same time? The key to these questions will provide beneficial enlightenment to the current AEDS.Second, comprehending this historical practice from the man-oriented and the fullest social security system meets the requirement of the current construction of harmonious socialist society. The yearly AEDS in large numbers and the hot topics arising in the process, such as collective appealing to higher authorities for interventions, pose great challenges for the construction of harmonious socialist society. Thus, to solve those problems properly, drawing on the successful experiences in history and learning from lessons are unavoidable.In addition, this research paper also has its theoretical significance:Firstly, it enriches the theoretical research of AEDS, as the lack of such research has been the obstacle to the reform on AEDS. With a systematic and comprehensive use of continual socialization, this paper analyzes and comprehends ADES in the early phase of new China, which is an important attempt to apply this theory to the research on AEDS, and which supplies new theoretical perspectives for such research.Second, this paper proposes a new mode—talent displacement, and summarizes the characteristics of the AEDS in that period. To understand AEDS from the angle of talent displacement, this paper highlights its great political nature, and summarizes the social function and historical significance in military, political, economic and social construction. Thus it provides a new thinking perspective theoretically for comprehending ADES...