A Study Of Poems During The End Of Song Dynasty And The End Of Yuan Dynasty

The dissertation discusses some issues with respect to the poetic thoughts and realities of poetic writing during the end of Song Dynasty and the end of Yuan Dynasty, about 60years. It is impose of four chapters.The first chapter discusses some issues with respect to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoist influencing on the realities of poetic writing. The flowing together between two schools of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan stresses the subjective initiative of heart, which can break out the time and space limit, imagining freely. And the clear, empty, free state of mind is one of the essential conditions. At the same time, there are two tendences: the moral reason and perceptual natural. They lead to the difference in the aesthetic expression: the former stresses that the reason control the perceptual feelings, and the later highlight that the reason entrust to the care of the feelings and temper. Learning through practice of Buddhism is both religious and aesthetic, which claims that poets get rid of wild fancy and covering, and the soul attain the clear and bright realm, and lead to the empty and free aesthetic realm. The difference of various religious schools make different influences on poetic writing and thoughts. The Inner Remedy school (内丹派) and the Keeping Intact school (全真教) influence especially on the limpid and quiet poet,s heart, and the Clean and Bright school (净明道) influences on the moral concepts of being royal to one,s country and being kind to the young and the old, and the thoughts of Deng Mu,s recovering one,s complete heart is affected by the traditional Taoist which preserves temper and makes perfect heart.The second chapter talks about the old fogy poet group in the end of Song Dynasty. They live in seclusion for linking the doctrines of Confucian with the free heart. Their works mainly display their lives in living in seclusion, and their poetic style is flat and nature. Concretely, the works of the poet group in Jiangxi mainly express the moral concepts of their being royal to their monarch, and main style is impassioned and vigorous. In Xihu, the poet group selecting lives is complex, or living in seclusion to write books for seeking the reason that the Song Dynasty have been destroyed, or coming down in the world, or taking up the post of the scholar manager. The poems of the Confucian school of idealist philosophy are full of their historical mission the ethic feeling. Dai Biaoyuan is the representative of the scholar managers, who takes up the post of the scholar managers for the result of their linking the doctrine with meal. He praises highly the poetic lingering charms of Si Kongtu,s thought, and his writing is impose of three different ages with his life changing.The third chapter discusses the official royal to their sovereign and righteous man,s group. Their works are full of feeling of loving their country and lofty national integrity, and have a impassioned, vigorous and sublime beauty. In the spirit of the poetic history, the difference between the history works written in biographical style and unofficial history is the difference between Wen Tianxiang,s poems and Wang Yuanliang,s poems. The former are full of ethic feeling which is the basic spirit of writing poetic history, imposing of the historical concepts and the standard of appraising historical incidents; but the later is only give a vivid description of the happened events in detail, and they are short of the profound historical thoughts. Wen Tianxiang and Wang Yuanliang inherit and develop the historical spirit of Du Fu,s poems. The nobly characteristic beauty of Xie Ao,s poems concentrates on constructing the value system of Confucian ethic, and he imitates many masters of predecessors, his style is flat and bizarre. Lin Jingxi,s feeling is full of contractions, both high ethic sentiment and being worldly wise and playing safe, and his style is sad, pure and fresh.The fourth chapter states the contradictory personality, poetic thoughts, and poetic writing of Fang Hui, who is a representative of surrendering to Yuan Dynasty. He empty talks about ethic training, at the same time, he is insatiably avaricious, and cravenly cling to life instead of braving death. The value part of his poetic thoughts is the poetic system of Confucian propagating poetic doctrines of the ancient sages from before Qin Dynasty to the end of Song Dynasty. His concepts of poetic type concentrates on the inner logic of the poetic development and aesthetic characters itself. His writing imitates poems of Du Fu and the Jiangxi poetic school, and its style is both dry, emaciated, hard, and robust, untrammeled. At the same time, he seeks the temperament and interest of Tang Dynasty poems.