On The Yi Learning Of The Ba-shu Area In Song Dynasty

The Yi learning of the Ba-shu area that entered its prosperous time in Song dynasty was the unique regional one in china that holds special characters and self-contained systems. The facts that master Cheng Yi came to Ba-shu twice and the saying that Yi learning was in Ba-shu area put forward by Cheng Yi roused extensive attention. In Song dynasty, the Yi learning of Ba-shu area made great contributions to the flourish of Shu learning and Yi learning.In respouse to the call of renewing Confucianism, Yi learning changed its visage completely in Song dynasty. The scholars of the Ba-shu area followed the steps of the era, and made great progress in the area of Yi learning in Song dynasty. This dissertation just discussed the achievements of the Yi learning of Ba-shu area in Song dynasty from the macroscopical and microcosmic standpoint. So there were eight chapters that discussed the special topic of 17 learning.In the first chapter, it analysed the achievements that succeeded and altered metaphysical Yi learning of the Ba-shu area scholars in Song dynasty. These scholars, such as Ren Feng-gu, Long Chang-qi, Su Shi, He Wei-han, Fang Shen-quan, Mao Pu, Chen You-wen, succeeded and innovated Wang Bi's and Kong Ying-da's metaphysical Yi learning. At last, Su Shi Yi Zhuan became the representative Confucian works that integrated various thinking including metaphysics of the Ba-shu area in Song dynasty. In the second and the third chapters, it discussed the influences and the developments of Cheng Yi's Yi-learning in Ba-shu area in Song dynasty. Cheng Yi's masterpiece of Yi Chuan Yi Zhuan was completed in Ba-shu. His disciple Yin Tun came here in the late North Song dynasty and searched for Cheng Yi's Yi chuan yi zhuan. Under the guidance of Cheng Yi, Yuan Gai came to Ba-shu and obtained Yi learning from Xue's later. At the same time, scholars of Ba-shu area such as Xie Shi, Qiao Ding, carried forward and spread Cheng's Yi-learning. Qiao Ding, especially, spreaded it to Liu Mian-zhi, Hu Xian, Zhang Jun, Zhang Xing-cheng, Feng Shi-xing. And then, the famous Fu Ling Yi Learning School was formed. In South Song dynasty, Cheng Yi's Confucian Yi learning was developed by scholars such as Li Shi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Shi, Li Shun-chen and Li Xin-chuan. Most of them commentated Yi and developed Confucianism through philosophical methods, but they also used image-number methods to sever.With the development of Confucian Yi learning, a new Yi learning schools, commentating Yi by quoting history facts, was formed. Further, under the revolution of the commentary methods of the Classics Studies, scholars of Song Dynasty renewed the Zhou-Yi's original forms in Han dynasty and even in the earlier times. In the fourth chapter, this thesis discussed two sides of Yi learning in Song dynasty. In Ba-shu area, Li Qi commentated Zhou-yi not only by quoting history facts, but also by metaphysical method and image-numberology. Li Tao and Shui Yu-quan renewed the Yi by their own ideas.Under the remoulding of traditional image-numberology, picture-table learning came into being. The fifths and the sixth chapter were about the picture-table learning of Ba-shu area in Song dynasty. Shu learning was the one source of picture-table Yi learning in Song dynasty. In Ba-shu area, Chen Tuan initiated picture-table Yi learning in Song dynasty and passed it to scholars of Ba-shu area such as Chen Sheng-hua, Chen's three sons, Zhang Yong and his disciple Li Tian. In addition, Shao Yong's image-numberology absorbed much nourishment from Tai Xuan. At the same time, Tai Xuan learning of Ba-shu area was greatly flourished in Song dynasty. After rising in North Song dynasty, picture-table Yi learning had been further improved in Ba-shu area in South Song dynasty. Shao Yong was a great master who interpretted Yi in a peculiar image-numberological way, His Yi-ology was widely transmitted through the routes including his friends, disciples, descendants, and magicians, among which three routes were from Ba-shu area. In the Song dynasty, Ba-shu area made great contributions to the transmission of Shao Yong's academia. Among the transmitters, Zhang Xing-cheng, who attained Shao's learning from Si-Ma Guang, Niu Shi-de and Niu Si-chun, and obtained fourteen Diagrams invented by Shao as well as Wang Shi's expansion of Shao's learning, was most influential. Shao Yong's descendants lived in Ba-shu for a long period of time and made his learning transmitted in and even beyond the Ba-shu area. The magicians, Du Ke-da being the beginner, in addition to Zhu Bi and Fu Li's efforts, made obvious contributions. Besides, Yang Jia compiled various Yi Diagrams, which also made contributions to the development of Yi learning of Ba-shu area in Song dynasty.Through many scholars' efforts in North Song dynasty, the new Yi learning, which was different from the one in Han-Tang dynasty, had been rebuilted in South Song dynasty. As a great master, Zhu Xi syncretized the image-numberology and philosophical Yi with the help of Zhang Shi, Cai Yuan-ding and Lu Zu-qian, etc. The seventh chapter discussed the influences and the developments of Zhu Xi's Yi learning. As Zhu's followers, Huan Yuan, Yan Fang, Yan Jie, Yan Ke, Jia Xuan-weng spread and developed Zhu Xi's Yi learning. However, they had their own idears in the works and did not just say as Zhu Xi said. Succeeding Zhu Xi's thought, Wei Liao-weng took both image-number theory and its philosophical connotations of Yi into consideration, and regarded the remarks (affiliated to the hexagrams and lines), transformations (between the hexagrams), image and divination as the main aspects of 17, attempting to fuse Cheng Yi and Shao Yong's Yi learning into one. He deeply studied Shao Yong's Yi learning, setting forth "the connotations of that human is innately good-hearted dwell in Yi", and made further textual research on the origin and development of the He tu and Luo shu, prenatal and postnatal Yi learning, as well as on some related divergences. Then he reached the conclusion that He tu and Luo shu were interlinked. Under the guidance of Wei Liao-weng, his disciples, Shui Yu-Quan and Shi Sheng-zu reinforced Zhu Xi's Yi-ology.In the last chapter, it is concerned with the Yi learning of the Ba-shu area in Song dynasty from different perspectives. Through this discussion, the facts that Ba-shu area had 121 scholars, 146 works, 13 schools and 9 families of Yi learning in Song dynasty were found. In Song dynasty, works of Yi learning were widely spreaded in Ba-shu area, and people of every class attached themselves to the Yi learning. All of these shew that the Yi learning of Ba-shu area in Song dynasty were prosperously. By integrating various mentalities, turning them into Confucianism and traditional methods, the scholars of Ba-shu area in Song dynasty expounded new thinking and made great contributions to the flourish of 17 learning in Song dynasty.