Medieval Buddhist The Quantifier Study

The Medieval times is the important times for the formation of quantifiters'system,new quantifiers and the new usage of quantifiers arise continuously,using the quantifiters is the need for intercommunication.The Medieval times is also the important times for the translation of Buddhist scriptures,the Buddhist scriptures usually has the component of spoken language,so reviewing the quantifiers of the Buddhist scriptures in the Medieval times,on the one hand,we can find out the actual instances about the quantifiers of the Buddhist scriptures;on the other hand,we can realize the process how the Buddhist scriptures absorb,rebuild and feed back the Chinese quantifiers.So we make the topic "the quantifiers'study of Buddhist scriptures in the Medieval times".It is the first time that this papre makes the systematic research on the Buddhist scriptures in the Medieval times.According to the time and feature,we divide the Buddhist scriptures in the Medieval times into two stages,describe the usage of 51 noun quantifiers and 5 verbal quantifiers in the old times for translating the Buddhist scriptures and the usage of 71 noun quantifiers and 10 verbal quantifiers in the ancient times for translating the Buddhist scriptures,and analysis the state of all quantifiers in the two stages.We also discuss cultural factors and reduplicated forms on the quantifiers of the Buddhist scriptures.By the investigation on the quantifiers of the Buddhist scriptures in the Medieval times,we find that the basic system on the quantifiers has been formed in the old times,and there has been certain development in the ancient times.Because of the nature and the content's limitation on the Buddhist scriptures,the quantities of the quantifiers are less than the ones in the contemporaneous secular literature,and shows the five features:complementatrity,casualness,inheritance,hysteretic nature,differentiation.The noun quantifier "zhong(种)" and the verbal quantifier "fan(反/返)" "za(匝)" are the specific quantifiers of the Buddhist scriptures in the Medieval times,they are largely used because of the content of the Buddhist scriptures and the translator's choice,it is not the usage of the natural state.