A Phonological Study Of Jin Dialect In The Southeast Part Of Shanxi Province

This paper focuses on Jin dialect in the southeast part of Shanxi province.By using some basic study methods,i.e.description and comparison,the paper describes comprehensively and discusses in depth types of synchronic and diachronic changes about the phonological system of Jin dialect in the southeast part of Shanxi province basing on the data investigated by the author and of related publications.The paper covers five chapters,and the four of which constructs the main body of the paper.Furthermore,8 dialect maps are contained in it.Chapter one is the general introduction of the southeast part of Shanxi province, such as its geography and history.Then the definition of what is called Jin dialect in the southeast part of Shanxi province in this paper,and a review of previous research on this topic is presented.In the end of this chapter,the meanings of the research,purposes, materials and study methods are given.This paper mainly discusses the synchronic features and diachronic evolvement of initials,simple or compound vowel of a Chinese syllable and tones from chapter two to chapter four.These chapters have the same writing patterns.Firstly,every chapter briefly introduces the general characters of the phonology on Jin dialect in the southeast part of Shanxi province.Secondly,every chapter describes and analyzes some main phenomena of phonology.Chapter two mainly discusses the pronunciation forms and evolvement of sharp and rounded sounds,zhi group,zhuang group and zhang group initials,ying initial and chinese characters belonging to mid-ancient secondary voiced initials in the Jin dialect in the southeast part of Shanxi province.The pronunciation of sharp and rounded sounds is distinguished in 13 dialects. Compared with other Jin dialects of Shanxi and Fen River parts of middle area Mandarin,the pronunciation forms of sharp and rounded sounds are colorful in Jin dialect in the southeast part of Shanxi province.The part discusses the diachronic strata based on descripition of the pronunciation of sharp and rounded sounds.The pronunciation of zhi group,zhuang group and zhang group initials is complicated.It has two types which are called incorporative pattern and divergent pattern.Seen from the sound value,the type that is called incorporative pattern has[ts] group,[t(?)]group and[t(?)]group.The type that is called divergent pattern has[ts]group, [t(?)]group,[t(?)]group and[t(?)]group.Furthermore,the divergent pattern has eleven subordinate types including Dianshang pattern,Shangcun pattern,Huguan pattern, Qinxian pattern,Baiehi pattern,Jingfeng pattern,Qinyuan pattern,Lieheng pattern, Pingshun pattern,Dongyangguan pattern and Liyi pattern.As far as the evolvement strata of divergent pattern,the paper thinks Qinyuan pattern and Jingfeng pattern are the previous step of the dialects in which the pronunciation of zhi group,zhuang group and zhang group initials is[ts]group.The type which is called incorporative pattern and the rest of the type which is called divergent pattern are two kinds of patterns that zhi group, zhuang group and zhang group initials develop parallel after they are united.The part mainly discusses ying initial and mid-ancient chinese characters belonging to mid-ancient secondary voiced initials.In Jin dialect of the southeast part of Shanxi province,there are six pronunciation forms of kaikou ying,yi and yu initials according to the factual value.Compared with other parts of Jin dialect,the pronunciation of[Y]and[θ]is special.Based on it,the paper discusses their evolvements.The pronunciation of hekou ying,yi,yu and wei initials mainly has three types including Changzhi pattern,Qinxian pattern and Yangcheng pattern.Ni initial and lai initial can be distinguished in most of dialects,but they can partly be distinguished in Gaoping dialect.There are five pronunciation patterns of ri group,namely, [(?)][z][(?)][θ][1].There are three pronunciation patterns of er group including[(?)r][(?)][(?)]. Furthermore,pronunciation of which matches the pronunciation of fricative zhi group, zhuang group and zhang group initials.The paper also discusses the evolvements of ri group and er group based on the fathers' research achievements.Chapter three includes three parts such as yin rhyme,yang rhyme,and ru rhyme.The part of yin rhyme discusses jiashe kaikou san-deng,the final of words that belongs to yushe hekou san-deng zhi group,zhuang group and zhang group initials, xiezhishe kaikou yi-san-si-deng and the phenomenon that[i][y]finals are pronounced as [(?)][(?)]finals.Seen from the difference of pronunciations of the mid-ancient jiashe kaikou san-deng jing group and ying group,the course that the primary vowels of finals gradually become high vowels is presented:ia→i(?)→iE→i(?)→ie,i(?)→i.The formation of pronunciation has relation to the pronunciation of mid-ancient initials of zhang group initial.The disharmony of zhang group initial and medial[i]leads to change of initials and finals.Qinxian pattern chooses the means of change of initials,and Jincheng pattern chooses the means of change of finals.There are two pronunciation patterns of finals of yushe hekou san-deng zhuang group initial and zhi-zhang group initials.One is that their pronunciation are different, the other is that their pronunciation are same.According to sound value ofyushe hekou san-deng zhuang group initial and zhi-zhang group initials,the first type is divided into five subordinate types including Licheng pattern,Liyi pattern,Changzhi pattern, Jingfeng pattern and Qinyuan pattern.Furthermore,the paper discusses the evolvement of the finals of yushe hekou san-deng zhi group,zhuang group and zhang group initials in these dialects.The pronunciation of the final of xiezhishe hekou yi-san-si-deng jian group words is hekouhu,the pronunciation of bang group words is kaikouhu,the pronunciations of finals of words that belongs to the rest initials of xiezhishe hekou yi-san-si-deng are different in the dialects.According to their difference of pronunciations,they are divided into five types,namely,Beiliu pattern,Changzhi pattern,Wuxiang pattern, Qinyuan pattern and Changzhi pattern.In a word,final[uei]dispears orderly by ni initial,lai initial,duan group initial,jing group initial and zhi-zhang group initials.There are phenomenon that[i][y]become[(?)][(?)]in Qinxian,Wuxiang,Xindian, Yongquan,Hanbei,Jingfeng,Xiying,Nannieshui,Wanghe dialects.The paper divided into four patterns according to the different effects on vowel.The paper thinks that this phenomenon belongs to mutation of drag chain and analyzes the process of mutation.The part of yang rhyme discusses the pronunciation forms and change order of yang rhyme.Based on the disciption of its pronunciation forms,the paper analyzes the change order of it is xianshanshe＞dangjiangshe＞shenzhenshe＞zenggengtongshe. Furthermore,the paper discusses some problems about the combination and separation of yang rhyme.The part of ru rhyme discusses the pronunciation patterns,the mutation laws and the vanishment of tail vowel of ru rhyme.The pronunciations of it have three groups pattern and two groups pattern.And there are two laws of evolvement.One is that low vowels group changes easily and the high vowels group is steady,the other is that mid vowels are unstable and finally change into low vowels or high vowels.Furthermore, there is the phenomenon of the vanishment of tail vowel in ru rhyme in the dialects. And the paper mainly analyzes the phenomenon from two aspects:yunshe and voiceless and voiced sound of initials.Chapter four is the discussion of tone with emphasis on the situation of departure and conflation of pingsheng and qusheng,the unification of all kinds of tones and the vanishment of tail vowel in rusheng.Pingsheng is divided into yinping and yangping in most dialects and is not divided in Gaoping,Yongquan and Jingfeng dialects.The paper thinks that the phenomenon that Pingsheng is not divided is the result of combination basing on separation.Qusheng is divided into yinqu and yangqu in 24 dialects such as Changzhi dialect and is not divided in the rest dialects.And the paper thinks that the phenomenon that qusheng is not divided is the mid-ancient phenomenon.After the vanishment of rusheng,entering tone becomes qusheng regardless of qing-zhuo of initials,which is different from Mandarin Chinese.In the meanwhile,there is phenomenon of checkedization.Furthermore,compared with the proportion of rusheng words,shuhua words and cuhua words,the paper thinks the vanishment of tail vowel in entering tone needs an endless process.Chapter five is synchronic description of mutation in Jin dialect of the southeast part of Shanxi province.It is composed of three parts including disyllabic tone sandhi, special tone change and final change.The part of disyllabic tone sandhi discusses the reiterative locution tone sandhi and irreiterative locution tone sandhi of 16 dialects that are investigated.Based on it,the paper generalizes four characters of irreiterative locution tone sandhi and the four conditions of the reiterative locution tone sandhi.The part of special tone change describes neutral tone,tone change of er suffixation and er tail,tone change of zi suffixation and zi tail.The distribution of neutral tone is imbalanced.The neutral tone of most dialects is light and small.The tone of er tail becomes neutral tone in the dialects have er tail.In some dialects that have tone change of er suffixation and zi suffixation,entering tone must change tone after it is followed by er suffixation and zi suffixation.The tone of zi tail becomes different tone in the dialects have zi tail.The part of final change discusses the final change of suffix zi and suffix er.The suffix er belongs to coiled vowel.The part discusses the change rules of retroflex suffixation based on description of pronunciation of retroflex suffixation.There is final change of suffix zi in 7 dialects.Based on the description of final change of suffix zi,the paper discusses their characters and development trend,compared with Jinnan dialects and Yubei dialects.Compared with phonological characters of the central dialects of Jin group and Mandarin Chinese,the conclusion discusses the form of Jin dialect in the southeast part of Shanxi province.