Man's Obligations And Rights To Nature

Coordinating the relationship between man and nature is an important function of ideological and political education. In the relationship between man and nature, man is subject and nature is object, and the relationship is determined by man's practice on nature directly. In1972, the declaration of The United Nations Conference on The Human Environment pointed out,"Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being, and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations."Therefore, in research on political and ideological education, it is important that discuss man's rights and obligations to nature and caution people that man have both the rights and obligations to nature.Man's rights to nature mean that man can enjoy nature, it includes the right that living in a healthy and appropriate environment and the right that use resource rationally and so on. Man's obligations to nature are the responsibility of human to protect and improve the natural environment. To grasp the primal content of man's rights and obligations to nature, it should be clear: First, man is the only main body of rights and obligations, the reciprocity of rights and obligations does not exist between man and nature. Secondly, the reason why the people have the rights to nature is human's subjectivity, the basis for the obligation is the usefulness of nature. The third, man's rights and obligations to nature are moral rights and obligations, and in reality it does not rely on the law exists, so everyone should have the rights and obligations. Correspondence of man's rights and obligations to nature performance in several areas: man's rights to nature and obligations are interdependence; everyone share the rights and the obligations to nature equally; the rights and obligations to nature should be equality. Correspondence of man's rights and obligations to nature is objective, and it is not decided by human, but by rooted in ecological laws and the objectivity of the social. Ecological laws determine the objectivity of the affordability of natural is limited, if only have the rights without assuming the obligations of conservation will both natural and human be destroyed, and sociality of man decided everyone should be equal sharing of natural blessings, equitable sharing of the obligation to protect the environment, so man's rights and obligations to nature must be reciprocal.Although the thinking of man's rights and obligations to nature is proposed clearly and established in the contemporary era, but protection and utilization of nature has a long history. From the original agricultural civilization to industrial civilization and to civilization, t the thinking of man's rights and obligations to nature has involved four stages: gestation, infancy and establishment. At the same time, the unbalance has been becoming more and more serious with the enhancement of human capacity exacerbated, and now it has been a serious problem to an unprecedented degree. In the contemporary era, the unbalance mainly presented as follows: contemporary people excessive consumption of natural resources, but eventually future generation would have to assume responsibility; the states abuse of domestic resource or international common resources; the conflict of interest among groups; resource waste by natural persons. The facts just confirmed daisaku ikeda and Peccei Aurelio's view, "on the relationship between man and nature, the reality is that only the right people. Basically ignored the obligation side.……I totally agree. Not without obligation, the obligation is not right unacceptable, but at this stage in human development, I think that first of all it should be emphasized that obligation. It should discuss the rights or qualification after the definition on duty. As far as the unbalance have been contaminated to environment seriously, distribution the rights and the obligations to nature justly has become an important subject.Marx pointed out that "no rights without obligations, no rights without obligations." Since every right has its corresponding obligations, the specific content of man's rights and obligations to nature includes: while man enjoys the right to survive in suitable natural environment, they have the obligations to protect and improve the ecological environment; while man shoulders the obligation to keep sustainable development , they enjoy the right to develop; man enjoys the right to use the natural resources, they also shoulder the obligation to protect and reasonably utilize that. Only exercising rights and assuming obligation, nature and the mankind itself can be sustained, orderly development.The essential of man's rights and obligations to nature is interest. It seemed that the transforming nature reflected the relationship between man and the nature, in fact the interpersonal interests relation is hidden behind the relationship between man and nature. Marx pointed out that"people are fighting for all these related with their own interests."Interests is"people's the most sensitive nerve in their lives."human's practice on nature is also related to interests. When people were scrambling for resources, the environment will be the victim of conflict on interests. In order to adjust to this natural intermediary for the interests of the community relations, environmental ethics to play its unique moral, as means of coordinating benefit relations, man's rights means obtaining proper interests and the obligations means sacrifice of interests, they safeguard legitimate interests together. Since man's rights and obligations to nature are Indispensable for defining legitimate interests, anybody should shoulder the obligations to nature when having the rights.Theory is the mission of practice was to change the world, in the same way, studying on the theory of man's rights and obligations to nature is in order to establish a correct idea of rights and obligations to nature. Therefore, fist, we must strengthen the ideological and moral education, give the public the necessary knowledge and skills about environmental protection, enhance its environmental capacity of moral practice, which is the effective method to solving environmental problems from source. Second, we must use the power of green politics to strengthen the functions of state management of the environment to give full play to environmental protection organizations and individuals function. It is the main policy most countries taken. Third, protect environment during economics developing with environmental economic means. Fourth, strengthen the construction of environmental legal system and provide legal ensurence for sustainable development. In addition, great efforts should be made to develop science and technology to solve the environment problem. strengthen international exchanges and cooperation to promote scientific and technological innovation and application, provide technical support to improve the ecological environment. Of course, solving environmental problems is a long-term, large project, which calls for the integrated use of various means, as well as the concerted efforts of the whole society, realize harmony between man and nature.