| During the 20th century, there are development and evolution of China's modern academic formation. The foundation of China's modern subject mainly depends on the enlightenment of the modern trends of thought in the West. Under the impact of Western, Chinese academic consciously started, and the academic research and academician gradually achieved status and sense of independence. During the 20th century, China is on the process of constantly revolution, and pursuit of national independence and the country's prosperity. Revolutionary reality condition and the modern anxiety, calling the Marxism translation, diffusion and nationalization in China. Since then, Marxism became the dominant ideology in China in the 20th century, and the participation of those in power and the revolution utilitarian direct the Chinese academic ecology in the 20th century. Under such circumstances prudction, survival and development of Ancient literary theory subject, the main knowledge structure , ideas and concepts of the academician are clearly branded with the times, and the process of academic research results in direct response to the changes of the academic environment.This article is comprehensively cleaning up the China Ancient Literary Theory Research bumpy course and outstanding achievements and the Marxist view, through the modern academic development, the academician experiences, and academic environment changes in the 20th century. This paper seeks to historical facts to the academic development and analyses the academic phenomena such as harmony, conflicts, promotion, integration and paradox between the Marxist Literary Theory and the China Ancient Literary Theory Research, to give us the enlightenment in the research and construction in the future.Early 20th century, under the science and rational Enlightenment in the West, the modern "literature" and "Literary Criticism" concept came into being, and evolutionary history, historical materialism, scientific research methods, and modern academician and academic environment was born. With the publication of a number of prominent works, the Chinese Ancient Literary Theory Research disciplines established. During this period, in the call of the Chinese revolution, the Marxism translation, diffusion and nationalization in China. Marxist Literary Theory fit the reality of the revolutionary and the cultural traditions, and therefore spread quickly in China, and got the formation of China as Mao Zedong's literary thought. Mao Zedong's artistic thinking was born in the the war years, which played a significant role on the frontline of fighting in the literature. It's content which has a distinctive brand of the war years, lay directly the framework and tone of the development of literary theory after the founding of New China.After the founding of New China, the proletariat in power, Marxism became the dominant ideology. Mao Zedong's literary thought was constantly interpretation and overstating, and was implemented as specific. Under the impetus of the arts policy of "Shuang Bai" and to build a national characteristics of the Marxist Literary Arts, there was the renaissance of Ancient literary theory research. However, as the dogmatism and philistinism of Marxism, as well as the thought transforming in the intellectuals and the generalization of political criticism campaign. At that moment, the Ancient Literary Theory Research therefore have distinctive characteristics of the times, and appear Paradox of in standardized restriction, and even stagnation.In the new era, along with the change of national guidelines and expansion of ideological emancipation movement, academic research ideas was relaxed under relaxation of restriction of the authority of the ideological, and then to have the mechanization, and vulgarization of sociological research methods to profound reflection and analysis, and clear the Marxist literary theory that we really should uphold. The study of classical Chinese literary theory are also adjusting their weight towards a new direction.After the 1980s, under the impact of new round of "Western Learning Eastward Transmission " people's minds more open and conscious, there has been the discussion of research methodology and research ways of thinking change. The multiple artistic pattern of new era, determines the mutual coexistence of diverse factoring on research methods of the Ancient Literary Theory, the Western Literary Theory and the Marxist Literary Theory. The research thinking, from intuitive thinking, intellectual thinking rise to the Marxist comprehensive dialectical thinking. In this academic environment, the Chinese ancient literary theory research also no longer be willing to be lonely. After their own backwash and adjustment and they actively take part in China's contemporary literary theory construction. The establishment of the Chinese Ancient Literary Theory Acad. , the various academic hot discussion on annual meeting and the introduction of many of western various new ideas and perspectives, all indicates the prosperity of classical Chinese literary theory research. In fact, in this lively and opening up academic atmosphere, classical Chinese literary theory study really obtained multi-progress, the achievements striking. Study of the History of Literary Criticism continue to expand in-depth. Theoretical history, the history of criticism, the history of ideas, and many other research results have emerged. Fudan University's seven-tome History of the ancient literary criticism both in expanding research horizon, or in-depth research perspective, achieved the height of the inheritor. On other areas of classical Chinese literary theory category studies, system exploration, comparative study of literary theory between the West and China, Comparative Poetics research, and so are distinguished contribution. In the context of globalization and the market economy conditions, in the face of the challenges of contemporary issues of Marxist and Ancient Literary Theory Study, we should be even more guided by Marxist comprehensive dialectical thinking, integrate Chinese and Western, ancient and modern resources of literary theory, and aim at the cultural practices to the public and the multiple artistic pattern, to construct our own artistic practice based, multi-ethnic symbiosis and national characteristics text of the literary theory discourse.
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