Formal Depict Of The Chinese Quantified Structure

After the second World War,the development of computer science urged the need and practice of natural language processing(NLP).The mature and prosperity of the theoretic computer science led the formal semantics of the natural language on the stage of American linguistics in the late 1970s,whose influence was brought to Europe at an unexpected quick pace,As is well known,the natural language has much more ambiguity than the artificial language such as the program language.Adopting machine to process the natural language requires a set of strict meta-language rules,which are closely related to the interface between semantics and syntactics.At home,Wang Weixian and others(1989) and Chen Zongming(1993) began to study natural language by the methods of modern logic at the end of the 1980s.Later the theory and practice of formal semantics were introduced to China.Unfortunately it still remains as an area in which few Chinese scholars touch because of the difference between traditional research method and the new school.Since the study of natural language from the perspective of formal semantics is of strong foreign origin,the literature underlines the introduction of foreign theories and practices,with English as the target of study.The thesis cherishes this tradition,on the basis of which a breakthrough is expected.The author wants to apply the formal semantics to the study of the Chinese language and tries to construct a fragment system of Chinese with the practical problems Chinese faces as the guideline.The system focuses on the abundant resources of "generalized quantified structure",which are well examined by many scholars who start from the perspective of structuralism or cognitive linguistics.The GQT(generalized quantifier theory) in formal semantics functions as a practical tool to deal with the quantification in the language.The thesis also finds the unification function of the possible world semantics and event semantics,both of them being suitable for presenting one profile of the natural language semantics.When taking generalized quantifier binding variables in two or more than two sentences as a problem,we introduce the dynamic generalized quantifier.In the chapter one,I defined the term "generalized quantified structure",which is the main object of my research.There's also a concise survey of the research about the tool and method. The second chapter is the introduction part,which explains the GQT and its application in the Montague grammar.This chapter functions as the basis for the following chapters.The third chapter sets up a fragment system.Based the system,and the author points out a number of peculiar difficulties that one may face in constructing the system.These difficulties concern the real conditions of the Chinese syntactic and require certain computing model.In coping with the meaning combination of the generalized quantifiers,the author uses the method of Quantify In to avoid transformation in syntactic.In this chapter,the main verb's logical translation could be dicided by the state of LR algorithm,which absorb the point of the theory of constructional meaning.The fourth chapter examines the quantified Chinese noun phrases. The semantics of semi-lattice is introduced,through which the Chinese quantification are classified into four types on the standard of quantified object:classes,subclasses,plurals and singulars.The Chinese bare nouns have very complicated phenomena of ambiguity,the thesis describes the ambiguity caused by bare nouns and seeks the way to resolve the ambiguity.The issues in the semantics of semi-lattice are closely related to each other and the chapter deepens the problem of collection and distribution in the Chinese language.The chapter also introduces a semi-lattice which includes kernel of homomophism to distinguish the difference between individual and mass.The utility of semantics of semi-lattice can solve the problem of hydra and that of partitive puzzle.The fifth chapter is a formal depict of the Chinese verb-measure words,time-measure words and measure words.The concept of ontology of events is introduced as a supplementary to the possible world semantics.In the traditions of the formal linguistics,ontology of events belong in the research area of adverb quantification,which is a branch of GQT.The author sort out the background of the very research and construct a new interpretation for dynamic quantifiers.In the fifth chapter event-process algebra is introduced as a contrast to individual-stuff algebra,and I applied this semantic model to linguistical problem.The sixth chapter is a summary for the computation of quantification.The author reviews a puzzle unsolved in the second chapter:the recognition and computation of the compound structure,especially those of the cleft structure.Cooper storage is utilized and developed to solve semantic problems associated with Discontinuous Constituency,for example the computation of the structure with "de",the computation of unreducible generalized quantifiers.In the end of this chapter,the author support a dynamic tactic to resolve ambiguity in the scope of generalized quantifiers.