The History Of Nanhan

Nanhan was one of the nine kingdoms in the South China between the Tang and Song Dynasty.It had been built up in the third year of Zhen Ming(917) in Houliang and annexed to the Northern Song on the forth year of Kai Bao(971).The Nanhan regime lasted for fifty-five years,and the existence of time is the second-longest in regimes between the Tang and Song Dynasty.First,Liu Qian had efforts to establish base in Feng Zhou,then his son Liu Yin stationed in Guang Zhou by defeating other separatisms.The third monarch was Liu Yan,he established the Nanhan Empire.To avoid annexing by central dynasty and its neighbor,the emperor of Nanhan made foreign policy according to the changing situations of external environment.Nanhan's foreign policy contained several tip:avoiding war,keeping peace,and defeating other regime if it would be victory.Nanhan's domestic policy contained appointing literati as the county executive and developing the agricultural economy and trade.Due to the internal stability and policy,Lingnan's economy and culture developed rapidly.But Nanhan's policy weren't very consistent.The forth monarch was Liu Sheng,he adjusted the domestic policy,the eunuchs participated in regime.It caused chaos on politics,the national strength had became weak.When the last monarch of Nanhan Liu Chang was in power,the emperor abandoned the politics,the political crisis became serious.At the beginning of Song Dynasty,along with the tide of reunification,Nanhan Empire was doomed to extinction.Nanhan's development and management cause the Lingnan area from "uncivilized area" to "civilized area" further.Nanhan provided the possible to the development of Ling Nan area in the Song Dynasty and the later.