Facing The Loss Of Civilization: On The Humanistic Tendency Of Modern Transformation Of Chinese Literature

Humanistic culture is a cultural tendency with the development of history. The construction of history characterized with the balance of humanistic thought and scientific thought which is helpful to the steady development of history. When the humanistic thought faces the shock because of the historical progress the emphasis of cultural tendency becomes essential. The energetic crisis and social crisis caused by one-sided rationality during the course of reforming in China. The more furious the shock is, the more important humanistic culture is. Since humanistic thoughts is of great value to correct and compensate in the society.The logic of the history is used to mask the marginalized historical phenomena from the angle of a uniform creed and gives the biased evaluation to the culture which does not belong to the mainstream. During the course of reforming in China the mainstream of thoughts is characterized with the cultural enlightenment and political revolution and humanistic thought has been masked for a long time. It is significant to reveal the importance of humanistic thought which should be regarded as the new topic of the study on cultural history.This dissertation which focuses on summary of the relative humanistic theories aims at the western humanistic theories and the analysis of categories of humanistic thoughts in China which is the innovation of the study as well. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part is about the historical review of humanistic thoughts in China. It includes the explanation of the central category, historical review and the manifestation of humanistic tendency of the Chinese writers' practice. The second part is about the writers who are the representatives of the literary tendencies in China including: Lao She, Shen Congwen, Feng Zhi and Zhang Ailing. There is not a certain definition of connotation and extension of humanism. Because of the historical complex, the usage of humanism is of confusion. The enlightenment humanism resulting from rational freedom and the humanism resulting from irrationality are both called as humanism. The over generalization causes the difficulties of explanation of humanism. This dissertation attempts to clarify the concept further.The tendency of humanist thinking of Chinese literature modern transformation can be divided into two parts: ethical type which focuses on the harmony of human and society and natural type which focuses on the relationship between human and the nature. The controversy between sciences and metaphysics shows the different attitude about nature and life of science culture and humanistic culture. The school of th critical review proposes the importance of ethics of the development of the society and the history. The two thinking tendency mentioned above are the reflection of humanism in the culture. This dissertation shows the significance of the case study from the perspective of humanism.According to the writing practice and concept expression, although Laoshe shows his willinness of following the domestic culture leading currents, he also has some different observations and value construction. Judging from the past and the present ,the double-sided attention of Laoshe is always characterized with the watchful consciousness and the distinguished attitude of humanism no matter at that time nor in nowadays.Shen Congwen is an outstanding writer in modern literature. His purpose of writing is about the alienation of human nature caused by the modern technology and business civilization. At present, the studies of Shen Congwen are mostly from the perspective of cultural concept. People seldom study this writer from the perspective of humanism. This dissertation tries to explain the construction of humanism of Shen Congwen's novels which is characterized with the regional features of Xiangxi. Feng Zhi is a poet who always seeks for the self-surpassing. He regarded the periods of 20s and 40s as his best time for writing during the years he wrote《Travelling To the North》,《Sonnet》,《Wu Zixu》.The two periods of writing time shows the relationship between spiritual development and times. In fact, Feng Zhi focuses on the spiritual loss in 20s and he tries a lot to look for the answer for the question caused by the modern civilization. Ten years later, Feng Zhi reaches another outbreak. He expresses the harmony of Chinese and Western literature in his works. It takes his whole life time to look for the spiritual hometown.The earlier research of Zhang Ailing is mostly about her observation of alienations of human nature during the course of changing time. Besides this basic character of Zhang Ailing's writing, this dissertation focuses on the passion and care from the perspective of humanism. This kind of study can analyzes Zhang Ailing's writing without the critical attitude of mainstream and is helpful to give a clear evaluation of her writing which is characterized with the different standpoint. It is different from both the concern of national and political criticism. She shows her passion and care for the tragic existence of human nature in the development of history.