Shuzheng Of Qin Characters

Qin characters are evolved from the Shangzhou characters, during the development Qin people integrated their own national style and culture into the characters and produced the characters of their own region features in the early Spring and Autumn Period and finally formed Seal Script and Li Script in the Warring States. It's hard to see this phenomenon in the history of Chinese characters. In the view of philology, Qin characters are not only the end of ancient Chinese characters, but also the originator of new characters. Qin characters'research is particularly important because Qin characters are a crucial turning point in the history of Chinese characters.This research divides into the following aspects:Firstly, we have collated Qin characters systematically, grasped the characters' excavated and research status overall, which are the first hand materials for our research. We do this work mainly by two ways:in the first place, according to the time,we divided into some parts, such as the late West Zhou Dynasty, the early Spring and Autumn Period, the mid-late Spring and Autumn Period, Early and middle Warring States Period, late Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty; next, according to writing carrier, their are bronze inscription, the pottery script, the seal, the jade, the currency, the stone,the bamboo slips and other stuff of Qin Dynasty. Chronological classification can help us to understand Qin characters'development and the similarities and differences of the various words clearly, to facilitate comparison of the character's research.Secondly, in specific individual character arrangement aspect, we absorb the method of Shuowen. On the one hand it is the traditional custom, conveniently for scholars. On the other hand it can also facilitate the study about the relationship between Qin characters and Shuowen. The concrete volume also take Shuowen as the basis. Thirdly, we mainly inspect the Qin characters from the following several aspects:1, Some unsure words'explanation. We re-explain many words with problems in the article, which mostly can be seen in the footnote and appendix of the text.2, The question of Qin characters'evolution. In the paper, we analyze the evolution of the characters on the basic of different time and writing carrier. We study on the characters'features of different time and writing carriers, then we can learn Qin characters'evolution from Western Zhou Dynasty Bronze Inscription and Li Script.3, The relationship among Qin characters, Oracle Bone inscription and Western Zhou Dynasty bronze inscription. At the beginning, Qin characters and the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze inscription are almost the same, but it forms its own characteristics gradually until the Spring and Autumn Period, The configuration maintains stable relatively, does not have too many changes with the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze inscription. On the Contrary, it has a significant change, which makes Qin characters different from the Western Zhou Dynasty characters. Therefore, we believe that Qin character is directly from Western Zhou Dynasty character and alters from it. In this paper, we do a comprehensive comparison among Oracle Bone inscription, Western Zhou Dynasty bronze inscription and Qin characters, reveal the evolutionary process, and gain much. We also find a special phenomenon that some Qin characters retain the formulation of Oracle Bone inscription.4, The relationship between Qin characters and Shuowen. This is a key point of our investigation. We have compared the similarities and differences between Qin characters and Seal Script, Zhou Wen of Shouwen. We believe that Seal Script of Shuowen should be accurate except for the false written by people. And what Qin characters most have the comparative value are Zuchu Wen and Royal Seals of Qin, especially the Mudcap writing is highly consistent with Li Script of Shuowen.5, The relationship between Qin characters and characters of the Eastern Six States. Before the mid term of Warring States, the difference between characters of Qin and Eastern Six States is small, except on some concrete writing methods. But they change after the mid term of Warring States. They begin to evolve into different direction, Qin characters become neat and simple, while the Eastern Six States' characters become complex, directly leading to "the writing" reform.6, The relationship of Qin Li Script, Han Li Script and Cursive Script. Through comparative analysis, the Western Han Dynasty characters and Qin characters almost have no distinction. Not only Seal Script, but also Li Script inherits from Qin characters. Until the mid Western Han Dynasty, they have new change. Cursive Script has produced from Qin characters, and the phenomenon of Cursive Script can be seen in characters written on weapon and characters written on bamboo slips. This is one of propelling forces to Qin characters'changes.7, When we inspect the Qin individual character we also enumerate related language examples and combine with the ancient literatures to analyze its meaning.In short, we try our best to collect the unearthed literature of Qin Dynasty comprehensively and combine with the academic circle's research of these materials, then explain and classify them by time, and then make a character collection. In specific individual character arrangement aspect, we absorb the method of Shuowen, in this way we can analyze their own evolution. Some difficult problems will be solved in this article, according to the comparison and analysis of Shuowen, Oracle Bone inscription, bronze inscription, characters of the Warring States, unearthed characters of Han and traditional characters written by hand. We can achieve our research purpose when we solve the problems, and the achievement also has its high value. Of course it should be noticed that because Qin characters materials are too many, and the author's limited skills, knowledge, energy and time, many questions are not solved well. In the paper also exits various problems and we need more work to perfect it.