A Study On Schoolchildren Psychological Abuse And The Abused Schoolchildren's Mental Health

Objective:1.To establish the theory model of schoolchildren psychological abuse.Develop a new schoolchildren self-rating scale as an operable instrument for assessing the abused status of schoolchildren psychology.2. To examine the reliability and validity of the Schoolchildren Psychological Abuse Self-Rating Scale (SPASRS).3. To explore the prevalence and correlation factors of countryside and urban schoolchildren as well as associated harmful impact on schoolchildren's mental health resulted from psychological abuse behavior by the teacher.Methods:1.Adopt whole sample choose randomly selected a representative sample of primary and middle school students in 12 schools investigated in Taoyan county, Yongding districts of Zhangjiajie city, Changde city, and Changsha city in Hunan. For samples used, there were 497 students, including 235 girl students accounted for 50.9%, and 262 boy students accounted for 49.1%, whose age was from 12 to 18, namely. The first draft of the SPASRS was developed by reserving effective items which was graded by interrelated experts.2.Adopt whole sample choose randomly selected a representative sample of primary and middle school students in 28 schools investigated in Taoyan county, Yongding districts of Zhangjiajie city, Changde city, and Changsha city in Hunan. It is a research object from the fifth grade primary school students to the third grade high school. Among them including 12 high schools,12 junior middle schools,4 primary schools.For samples used, there were 3200 questionnaires,2977 parts of valid questionnaire among them, including 1515 girl students accounted for 50.9%, and 1462 boy students accounted for 49.1%, whose age was from 10 to 18, namely, "14.4±2.06" years old on the average. The SPASRS was developed according to the model Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop and evaluate the structure of the scale. Factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity. The validity analysis included content validity, construct validity and criterion-related validity.The reliability analysis included the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, mean interitem correlation oefficients, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale. The cross section investigation study was used to explore prevalence, correlation factors of psychological abuse of countryside and urban students were tested by the general demographic data, A Scale of self-Rating for the Schoolchildren Psychological Abuse.3.Adopt whole sample choose randomly selected a representative sample of primary and middle school students in 28 schools investigated in Taoyan, Yongding districts of Zhangjiajie, Changde, and Changsha in Hunan. It is a research object from the fifth grade primary school students to the Thrid grade of high school.Including 12 high schools among them,12 junior middle schools,4 primary schools.For samples used, there were 3200 questionnaires,2943 parts of valid questionnaire among them, including 1491 girl students accounted for 50.7% and 1452 boy students accounted for 49.3%, whose age was from 10 to18, namely, "14.4±2.02" years old on the average.The cross section investigation study was used to explore psychology behavior problems of psychological abuse of countryside and urban students were tested by the general demographic data, the SPASRS, the Self-Esteem Scale(SES), the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES), the Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR).Results:1. By analyzing the related items and factors, the SPASRS for the schoolchildren was determined to be composed of 40 related items including five dimensionalities:Belittling, Controlling, Depriving, Discriminating, and Ignoring, which were used to interpret 55.365% of the general variables. The results of reliability were as follows:The analysis of internal consistency has indicated that the average correlation coefficient among related items ranged from 0.382 to 0.520, Cronbach a coefficient ranged from 0.795 to 0.887, split-half reliability ranged from 0.804 to 0.872 and the re-test reliability ranged from 0.884 to 0.919. The analysis of internal correlation has shown that the correlative coefficient between every individual dimensionality and the total scale score ranged from 0.777 to 0.877, i.e. the correlativity is remarkable (p<.001). The results of validity were as follows:The scale's content by 15 experts, keep at least 5 experts assess, up to purpose event examined. Criterion-related:The correlative coefficient between every individual dimensionality score & total scale score and respective dimension of questionnaire for parental psychological abuse behavior to children ranged from 0.219 to 0.432, which demonstrates their significant positive correlation (p<0.01). Criterion-related validity studies showed that every individual dimensionality score & the total score of the SPASRS were significantly correlative with the scores of the child psychological abuse by their parents.2. Prevalence of school students who suffered from the teachers' psychological abuse is 35.40% in the last one year. Both prevalence and degree of abuse are characterized by aspects as follows:the boys'are higher than girls'(p=0.000), the elders'are higher than youngers' (p=0.000), the countryside schoolchildren's are higher than that of urban areas'(p=0.000), the ill-health ones'are higher than the healthy ones' (p=0.001), the introverts'are higher than the extraverts'(p=0.210), moreover, those with greater school achievements and better performance are lower than the opposite ones (p=0.000), those whose parents received higher education are lower than those whose parents have lower education background (p=0.001), those whose parents maintain a good relationship are lower than those whose parents are in an inharmonious status (p=0.001), and a better family financial status is lower than a family in a worse condition (p=0.001). Correlation factors of the teachers'psychological abuse behavior suffered by schoolchildren are related to the sampling student's gender, school stypes, countryside or urban origin, school accommodations, school achievements, school performance, the addiction behavior, and parents'relationship.3. The teachers'psychological abuse behavior would result in harmful impact on students'self-esteem (p<0.05) and their sense of self-efficacy (p<0.05). The every individual dimensionalities score & the total score of the SPASRS were significantly correlative with the scores of the YSR. Conclusions:1. The analyzing results of exploratory factors are basically in accordance with the author's theoretical assumption. The analysis of confirmatory factors has demonstrated that the theoretical model adopted has its preferable stability and reliability.2.According to the average correlation coefficient among related items, the Cronbach a coefficient, the split-half reliability and the re-test reliability investigated, the present scale is preferable in reliability and validity, whose results of stability and internal consistency have satisfied the requirements of surveying.3.The correlation factors of schoolchildren's psychological abuse include the student's gender, school stypes, countryside or urban origin, school accommodations, school achievements, school performance, the addiction behavior, and parents'relationship, etc.4.The psychological abuse can result in harmful impact on schoolchildren's self-esteem, sense of self-efficacy and psychological behavior.