A Critical Biography Of Uthai--Based On His Debt To Russia, His Independence And His Land Reclamation

In Chinese modern history, Uthai is one of the dispute person. To survey his life, he lived in the turning point of late Ting Dynasty to the beginning of Repbulic of China, moreover, his experience reflect this historical era. It is helpful for us to learn more about the historical devolopement of modern china, our national and religin questions as well as foregin relation between modern china and Russia by discussing Uthai.Scholars have achieved great achievement in this topic, however, it is not enough. Considering that, we should make an intensive study of Uthai based on the above achievement. By continue to research Uthai, we'll get an all-around knowledge on the modern history of Mongolia, the regional history of northeast, the history of the Revolution of 1911, furthermore, its also a beneficial research in academic world.Uthai was the important members of Ting government, he also a dishonor person. He conducted debt from Russia, took land reclamation, proclaimed independence. All these deeds made great influence in that time and was the typical historical event occurred in the inter-Mongolia.In order to make a full understanding of social-political change during the end of Ting Dynasty and the beginning of Republic of China, even the full-scope of that period's history, this thesis present the wholl life of Uthai, mainly discusse his debt from Russia, his land reclamation and his declare of independence.First, Uthai raise debt from Russia. This is one of the most importan questions in the research of Uthai. During the end of Ting Dynasty, Uthai's debt was the reason of Russia's invade and the unrest of inter-Mongolia in northeast China. Uthai borrow form Russia twice by person, and couldn't pay back. This conduct finally made a serious negotiation between Russia and chinese government. At the end of this negotitation, the was conclude and sign by the two countries. In this Act, China will pay back 2hundred and ninety rouble without interest, so the debt of Russia was over.In this part, by using the newest document, mainly discuss the reason the Uthai's debt from Russia, the intention of Russia, the Ting Dynasty's attitude in the negotiation with Russia. Furthermore, this part clearify the four questions after the first negotiation between the two countries.Second, Uthai's land reclamation. It is inveitable for the land development of inter-Mongolia. In this part, it is introduce the three stages of Uthai's land reclamation, the first stage is Uthai break the restrictions of inter-Mongolia's land in the northeast, the second is Uthai open up the virgin soil, the third is Uthai bring land to pay back debt. The main idea of this part is the comment on the negative and positive influence of Uthai's deed.In this part, on the base of original discussion of Uthai's land reclamation, the author use the new material and the documents to make a further investigation, especially on the reason and the influence of such deeds and come to an objective evaluation.Third, Uthai's proclaim of independence. Uthai proclaimed independence not incidental event, but has the particular historical background. In order to make a full understanding of this rebel, review this big event in modern chinese political and national history, this part discuss the prepare and the course of Uthai's independence, the course of the battle. Here also make a full explain of negative effect of Uthai's split motherland in both domestic and international.In the third part, the author discuss Uthai's rebel on the base of collect and analysis the documents, and take an all-round research point such as in political, economical and in military background. In addition, this part especially put forward a new idea of Uthai's positive action in this rebel.