The Research On The Land Reclamation Of The Mongolian Banners On The Taoer River Basin In Early 20th Century

The Mongol banners on the Tura river basin in this paper is refer to Khorqin Right Wing Three Banners of the Jirim league at Qing dynasty. It includes Tushiyetu, Jasagtu, Zhenguogong, and Jalaid banners. Geographically, it is throughout the Khinggan league, Baichengzi city of the Jilin province, Longjiang county of the Heilongjiang province, large part of the Jingxing town and Tailai county.This paper use the historical materials from the Inner Mongolian archives and the published ones to study the land history of Mongol banners on the Tura river basin in early 20th century.In early 20th century, all these previous government like late Qing government, Beiyang government and Najing National government in order to increased the financial revenue, deprived the traditional power of the Mongol banners and adopted a policy named "Cho Meng Gai Zheng". Under the motivation of this policy, all these Mongol banners like the Jasagtu, Zhenguogong, Tushiyetu and Jalaid were located in the Tura river basin got into the agricultural history stage in the short 31 years. During this period, A large-area of grassland became farmland, because of the reclaimation of Mongol banners. Due to the refugees from interior pouring into this region, there were many Mongolian and Chinese mixed farming village appeared. In order to eliminated the privilege of Mongol banners, Qing government built many region administration like Taonanfu, Jiangan county, Kaitong county, Zhendong county, Anguang county, Tuquan county and Dalaiting law court at the reclaim area. Those region administration and Mongol banners are governed independently. From then on the Mongol banners on the Tura river basin has lost the dominion of large tracts of land. In this process of changing, the official bureau of reclamation were built by Qing government played an important role.During the time when Zhang Zuolin father and son ruled the northeast, they reclaimed the land of this area and it extends to north. When the reclamation at Khinggan district, the northeast army came into the Mongol banners. Relying on the strength of northeast authorities, they occupied the land of Mongolian and deprived the privilege of Jasagtu banner directly. This event aggravate the deeper conflict of Mongolian society, and affect the modern history of east Inner Mongolia and Chinese.The paper consists of introduction, main text, conclusion, reference and appendix. The introduction part gives the object and situation of study, reason for topic selection and meaning and approaches of study. The conclusion summarize the whole paper and puts forward the writer’s opinion.The first chapter mainly analyzes the establishment of the reclamation bureau and its powers. After analysis, it reveals the steps in carrying out the "Cho Meng Gai Zhi" at Mongolian district from late Qing government during the "New Policy" period. Late Qing government sent peoples to the Mongolian district and built official bureau and institution of reclamation to carry out the release of Mongol banners.The second chapter mainly cardings the process of reclaim the land of Mongol banners. Based on the previous researches and the historical materials, it systematically records the process of reclaimation of Mongol banners. So we can conclude that the ownership of Mongol banners’land has changed to bureaucrat and businessman from Mongolian rulers. The Mongol banners’land became their private property.The third chapter mainly analyzes the reason that why the northeast authorities carry out the reclamation at the Khinggan district, and establishment of the institution of reclamation.Actually the Khinggan district is vast and sparsely populated area with rich products. Therefore, northeast authorities think that reclaimed large mount of land and open up the products is beneficial to increase the financial revenues and provided the material conditions for northeast development. After the study found that Khinggan district is not only a reclamation area but also the special administrative region for the northeast authorities. Therefore the institution of reclamation has double task that supervise the reclamation and administrate the special administrative region.The forth chapter discusses the process of reclamation and important event results from it. In the process of reclamation at Khinggan district by Northeast army, the conflict between Mongolian and Chinese was sharp so that touched the Manchuria and Mongolian plan of Japanese. Finally,it brings about " The insurrection of Hulunbuir youth party " Gadameiren’s uprising and Nakamura event in eastern region of Inner Mongolian. This has not been noticed by academic circles before, so it’s have a certain value for the research on history of the part of Inner Mongolia.