Investigations On Some Distinctive Grammatical Words In Yongfu Dialect In Northern Guangxi Province

Some of the grammatical words in Yongfu dialect, a dialect of South-west Mandarin, have many special characteristics, and the most common one is Multi-meaning and Multi-function. It is obviously that there are development relationship among those meanings and functions. Therefore, it is better to studied them associatively rather than isolatively. The application of the two research methods in our study is helpful to the investigations of those grammatical words. One is the combination of traditional investigation and introspective test in investigating dialect grammar, the other is depicting dialect grammar basing on development and comparison.Modal particles is rich in Yongfu dialect. The words " pa(罢),ti(的),po(啵),(?)(呃),o(哦),pie(呗),lai(唻),a(啊)"express indicative mood. The words "ai(嗳),lai(唻),lie(咧).man满),pa(吧),l(?)(嘞),ma(吗)"express interrogative mood. "lie(咧)"has three pronunciations expressing different meanings, and it has close relations with the middle ancient Chinese modal particles "na(那),ni(聻)""man(满)"is used in yes-no questions, and comes from the negative word used at the end of the A-not-A questions. The words "a(啊),ma(嘛),l(?)ma(嘞嚒)"express imperative mood. The words "la(了),(?)(呃)"express exclamative mood.The structural particle "t(?)(得)",aspect particle "tau(倒),t(?)'i(起),la(了1),ko(过),tso(着),k'an(看)"and "l(?)(了2),t(?)'y(去),lai(来)"in Yongfu dialect are also investigated. "t(?)(得)"is used to connect verbs or adjectives with degree complements and state complements, and the distinctive feature is that "t(?)(得)"can be used after verbs or adjectives to construct the most common form expressing possibility. "tau(倒)"mark progressive tense. "t(?)'i(起)"mark begin-progressive tense. "la(了1)"mark perfect tense. "k'an(看)"mark tentative tense. "ko(过),tso(着)"mark experience tense, and there are difference between "ko(过)"and "tso(着)"These aspect particles come from verbs, and can be used as result complements. "la(了2)"mark changing of events, "lai(来)"mark happened of event, "t(?)'y(去)"mark high degree, and "t(?)'y la (去了)" mark finishing of action. "lai(来)"and "t(?)'y(去)"come from direction verbs, and can be used after verb-complement construction marking changing.As for adverbs, the negative words are distinctive. "mei(没),mei ts'an(没曾),mei iau(没有),pu(不),mo(莫)"are negative adverbs. "mei(没)"is used for negative of subjective desire, attitude, or objective fact. "mei ts'an(没曾)"is used for negative of the being realized of certain action or state. "mei iau(没有)"can be used as negative response. "pu(不)"can be only used in some fixed structure. "mo(莫)"is used to persuade or forbid. "mei iau(没有)"question and "mei ts'an(没曾)"question are two kinds of A-not-A question. In addition, "si(是),van(完),tso(?)(总),ts(?)u(就),Gian(先),xau(好)"have special meanings or usages. "s(是)"can be used for emphasize, and can be used at the end of a sentence to construct a yes-or-no question. "van(完)"can be used after a verb-complement construction to form a "V+C+van(完)"style double complement structure. "tsong(总)"and "tsau(就)"can be both used to expressing including, and do different works each. "(?) ian(先)"can be used for emphasizing sequence, or for giving condition, or only for relieving tone. "xau(好)"is used for high degree, and can be used for questioning.The prepositions "ai(捱)"and "kei(给)"are used as passive marker. "ai(捱)"comes from verb with meaning of suffering, and "kei(给)"comes from verb with meaning of giving. Another preposition "xa(和)"comes from verb too. It can be used as conjunction and preposition. The distinctive place of "xa (和)"is that it can be used to introduce beneficiary, and can be used in imperative sentence.