Jiangsu And Anhui, Historical And Cultural Geography

This article researches the courses and the reasons of the cultural geography variances in Suwan areas (Today's Jiangsu province and Anhui province), and tries to carve up the cultural zones in different ages. As the transition and amalgation areas of the north culture and the south cultures of china, Suwan areas is the only sequential sample of the south-ward shift of the culture center of China, and the cultural geography in Suwan Area is very complicated, so it is very necessary to make researches.The exordium firstly explains the reasons for subject selection and structure arrangements, and then summarizes the variances of the high level administration distracts, the reasons of the county setup, the selecting of the capitals, the foundings of the political centers, and the historical geography significance of regnal center sequences. The exordium reviews the studies of this subject lastly, and points out the necessary to make this research.There are plenty of questions need to be studied since Suwan areas have varies of regions and great changes of culture in the history. There have already been abundance of studies, so this article probes into the questions that are not entirely resolved and brings out new questions to be discussed. For example:the geographical differentia of Buddhism and Taoism during Han and Tang Dynasty, the causes of the changes of Jianghuai culture during Song and Yuan Dynasty, the causes of formation of every dialect zone in Jianghuai during Song and Yuan Dynasty, the origin of new civilian religions during Song and Yuan Dynasty, the cultural zones in Jiangnan Plain during Ming and Qing Dynasty, the particular culture in Tongtai Area(Nantong and Taizhou),the changes of Anhui Province's cultural geography of the middle and the south of Anhui province during Ming and Qing Dynasty.The conclusion summarizes the relations among the dialect zones, the nature zones and the administration distracts, the relations among the academic zones, the religionary zones and the administration distracts respectively, and analyses the compartmentalization of the culture zones and the relations between each.The northeast-southwest distribution of language geography of Suwan Area matches the distribution characteristic of the mandarin and the southeast dialect, since the change impetus of dialect geography arises from the Middle China and the wars from the north destroy the inner area much more serious than the coastal areas of the same latitude. This article reckons that the dialect zones match the nature zones and the administration distracts much less than Zhejiang and Fujian etc, and sums up six types of the dialect zones in the counties of Suwan.An academic zone of Suwan Area is equal to a fu or a few counties, while a religion zone is much bigger. New religion usually arises in the edge, and likely to develop by skips.Despite the obstruction of the traffic, the inertia of the culture change also makes the culture of the marginal area heterodoxy. The Yangtse River and the Grand Canal form the core routes for culture exchanging. The level of the culture center along the Yangtse River and the Grand Canal in Jianghuai areas matches the level of the political center there, as the capital of the refecture is the significant culture center at the same time. The capital of the county can't be the only culture center in Jiangnan areas, since the capital doesn't obtain the decisive status as to the economy, while the towns are advanced. The culture centers increase in Jiangnan areas as the time goes, while the culture centers decrease in Huaibei, and stay balanced in Huainan.During ancient times and Qin Han Dynasty, there are Huaibei, Jianghuai, Wu and Shanyue culture zones in this area. Shanyue culture zone eventually develops into Wu, Jiangkang and Xin'an culture zones from Six Dynasties to Tang Dynasty, and the latter two evolves into Nanjing, Huizhou culture zones during Ming and Qing Dynasty. There are ten culture zones:Huaibei, Huaiyang, Nanjing, Tongtai, Luchao, Anqing, Xuanchi, Huizhou, Suchang and Songyu, during Ming and Qing Dynasty, and they can be divided into four types. A picture is made to show the ten culture zones' sites, types and nineteen relationships among them at last.