Royal Garden And Cultural Space And Cultural Heritage Protection

As one of the types of Chinese classical gardens, royal garden has a history of more than 3,000 years. Out-of-imperial-palace gardens built in Haidian impelled royal garden art into its peak period from Kangxi to Qianlong period in the Qing Dynasty. The masterpiece of this period was Three Mountains and Five Gardens which was famous over the seas for their grand scale, exquisite skill and rich cultural connotation. Since then, Three Mountains and Five Gardens had a profound impact upon world garden building and became valuable cultural heritage of Chinese nation.From the perspective of ethnological vision, the paper analyzed Chinese royal garden and its cultural space, and pointed out that cultural space of royal garden had been gradually shaped and showed three dimensions of history, society and cultural ecology under certain social-cultural background. With the demise of the Qing Dynasty, royal garden which used to only serve feudal emperors had entered a new historical period. With the acceleration of urbanization, it is very urgent to find a way to protect the heritage, thus to bridge the gap between the cultural heritage and modern social space. Combing field work with literature study, the paper tries to outline the cultural space pattern of the royal garden and seek its value during the cause of modern social development.The cultural space of royal garden is interactive with the protection of cultural heritage, and the value assessment system of cultural heritage is the most important step. Assessment of cultural heritage is essentially how to understand modern society and how to evaluate cultural heritage. Based on this point, by using the theory of ethnological holism and cultural relativism and borrowing previous research results, the paper carries on a comprehensive study on the value assessment of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage within the royal garden cultural space, and puts forward guiding principles of establishing value assessment system of Haidian cultural heritage. Then, according to present situation of the cultural heritage protection, the paper makes several suggestions on how to establish and improve a kind of normal work mechanism.Involving factors such as ecological environment, human activities, consciousness influence, royal garden cultural space covers rich cultural connotation. Nature and culture are combined together within a cultural-ecological system, which is closely related to regional social development. Under the background of Haidian social development, the paper conceptualizes to establish a cultural-ecological area of royal gardens. In the new era, cultural-ecological concept of cultural heritage protection will give new meaning to royal garden.How to coordinate each social stratum's interest demands in royal garden area and how to balance the relationship between cultural heritage protection and regional development is an unavoidable question in the future protection job.The paper consists of 3 parts—Introduction, body and conclusion. The 1st part mainly includes research reasons, research ideas, research significance and process.There are 5 chapters in the 2nd part:Chapter1—How to understand royal garden and its cultural heritage. Through discussing several important concepts such as royal garden, cultural heritage, cultural space etc, the chapter employs ethnological vision into this field on the basis of previous achievements and thereby makes a necessary theoretical preparation for the latter discussion.Chapter2—The historical-cultural change of royal garden. Based on tracing back the history of the royal garden, the chapter puts its stress on describing art features of Haidian royal gardens in the Qing Dynasty, analyses distribution pattern and cultural-spatial pattern of the cultural heritage.Chapter3—A survey of royal garden cultural heritage in Haidian. According to first-hand material collected in the 3rd national survey on Haidian cultural relics and selected areas of this study, the chapter makes a comprehensive analysis about the present situation, spatial distribution and development trend of the existing cultural heritage within the area of Three Mountains and Five Gardens.Chapter4—Value assessment of royal garden cultural heritage. In accordance with sorting relevant value assessment system of cultural heritage and existing problems found in the course of investigation, the chapter demonstrates the necessity of establishing value assessment system of royal garden cultural heritage, puts forward several guiding principles, and thereof leads to establish a certain normal work mechanism.Chapter5—Cultural space construction of royal garden in modern society. Involving multiple contents of environment realignment, cultural heritage protection, value assessment system, rational exploitation, protection mechanisms and awareness etc, cultural space construction of royal garden is a comprehensive task in modern society. By considering to integrate all jobs into a system, the proposition of establishing cultural-ecological area of royal garden will accelerate the practice of cultural heritage protection more scientific, rational and comprehensive.The 3rd part of the paper is a conclusion. Through summarizing cultural space change of Three Mountains and Five Gardens, facing with new development stage of Haidian District, the paper points out that space function zoning and cultural integration should be emphasized for cultural heritage protection of royal gardens. Rational exploitation and scientific guidance of cultural heritage can be of great significance for promoting sustainable regional social development and constructing harmonious living space in modern society.