The Ideological And Political Education During The Early Years Of The People's Republic Of China And Its Basic Experience

The CPC's ideological and political education played a vital role in promoting the stable and successful realization of the social transformation during the early years of the People's Republic of China when great social transformation in China occurred rapidly. The whole society was full of life and prosperous. This paper systematically studies the ideological and political education practice and its basic experience at that time based on the existing research, a large number of historical documents, the basic law of the ideological and political education, and guided by Marxist ideological and political education theory. It has great significance on how to innovate the ideological and political education in contemporary China with social transformation.This paper tries to find out the theoretical basis and standing point at the time for the ideological and political education during the early years of the People's Republic of China through retrospect and analysis of the theory source of the education at that time and its environmental characteristics in social transformation. The relevant basic Marxist principles are the basic theory of the education at that time. Marxist ideological and political education theory is the direct theoretical basis. CPC's ideological and political education practice and its theory summarization in the period of the democratic revolution provided the education with practical experience. The political environment of the education at that time was CPC in power all over China, transition of social form, new establishment of political system and abrupt change of class relations. The economic environment was the diversity of economic form, the gravity of economic situation. The ideological and cultural environment was the different social psychology of different social strata and the diversity of ideology and culture. The choice of contents, media and methods of the education at the time was based on the unique environmental features.This paper systemically expounds how CPC scientifically designed the basic contents, reasonably chose the methods and efficiently used the carriers of the ideological and political education according to the special background of the social transformation and the social situation. Firstly, CPC took Marxist education as the soul, new democratic and socialist education as the core, the situation and task education, the general line in the transitional period as the focal point, the education of the proletariat values as its foundation to form a content system of the education with clear arrangement. Secondly, CPC used a comprehensive of efficient methods including theory education, practice education, typical education, criticism or self-criticism to increase the directedness of the education at that time. Thirdly, CPC made full use of the abundant resources when in power and the favorable conditions and scientifically and efficiently used the major carriers including activities, conferences, mass media and culture to effectively transmit CPC's ideas, political opinion and values to those who were educated, and effectively realized CPC's purpose of the education to promote the education all round.This paper reasonably assesses the effects of the ideological and political education during the early years of the People's Republic of China and its historical status. According to the special situation of the education at the time, CPC reasonably chose and used the practical contents, carriers and methods to make the education effective, which played an important role in guiding different social strata to support CPC, successfully promoting the social transformation, social development, and the development of the people's subjectivity at different levels. It is the beginning of CPC's ideological and political education in New China and an important stage for the Marxist ideological and political education theory to be integrated with the specific conditions of China. It also forms a connecting link between the preceding and the following in the history of CPC's ideological and political education.This paper systematically sums up the experience, lessons and inspiration from the ideological and political education during the early time. CPC then enhanced the self construction of the educating subjects, displayed core function of Marxism in the social transformation, persisted in the idea that the education served construction of New China and the completion of task left in the democratic revolution, made full use of political mobilization, integrated the education with satisfying people's legitimate interests, which enhanced approval, traction, reality, appeal and conviction. But limited to the historical conditions, existing experience and knowledge, CPC left some profound lessons. For example, confusing ideas, theory, and political issues in the practice of the education, setting a too high goal for the education, being too anxious to achieve it, the mass struggle was beyond a certain degree and some manners were simple and rude. These experience and lessons have important inspiration to the ideological and political education in contemporary China where some social transformation is occurring.