The Construction Of Rural Democracy During Current China

The construction of rural democracy is a political issue of both theoretical and practical meaning. Before the foundation of PRC, the CPC led its people to a rough exploration. With the preparatory grope during the agrarian revolution, the promotion during the anti-Japanese war and the preliminary foundation during the war of liberation, we finally laid the foundation of the construction of rural democracy in our country. We can conclude this of over 20 years'exploration: to construct rural democracy requests relying on people, trusting people in creative initiative and great power to tamp the mass base. Besides, the construction must accord with china's actual conditions, following the path of constructing democracy with Chinese characteristics. Solving the people's livelihood problems is the fundamental footing in the construction, thus making people more satisfied about the democracy and strengthening the Party's blood-and-flesh contacts with the people. A wide united front is necessary to mobilize people to participate in the construction.At the beginning of PRC, the CPC established a farmers association system and realized administrating the society by the grass roots democracy. We carried out the agrarian revolution, culture-related facilities for public use reconstruction in rural areas and people's commune campaign, all contributing to a economic social and political grass roots democracy ruling configuration featuring three-in-one. Truly, diplomacy came first of all kinds of economic constructions during the Cultural Revolution, which resulted in a suspend or even reverse in the construction of democracy in rural areas.At the beginning of Chinese reform and opening-up, the CPC and its government reconstructed rural basic democracy according to the principle of separating government administration from commune management. Afterwards, township people's governments and village committees spread out. Moreover, the government carried out reforms on rural economic system by abandoning the cooperative producing mode supported by people's communes, implementing the household contract responsibility system creatively. Politically, the rural democratic election system and village democratic administration system were improved gradually. By setting down the principles, procedure and methods, we innovated ways of village democratic administration. Incontestable, problems occurred such as low chance in rural sustainable economy, the construction of village regime and difficulty in villager self-government.Since 1990's, our Party and government have strengthened township governments'administration and the implementation of laws relative to villager self-government. As a result, the range of democratic election was widened, the democratic decision mechanism was improved, the democratic administration methods were innovated and the forms of democratic supervision were varied. Meanwhile, with wider range, better cadre management system, greater reforms on township organs, the construction of a new village came to a overall view, and the tax reform including two taxes free and one allowance, waived agricultural tax was carried out. All these contributed to less poverty in rural places. The social welfare system including endowment, medicare, lowest life guarantee was established, showing the capability to serve the rural and the level to which we can provide public service. Meanwhile, the petition letter reform encouraged villagers to supervise the governments.However, problems are obvious in township regime and villager self-government. In terms of villager self-government, upper leaders interfere with village committee election, which makes the outcome differ from villagers'willing. Local clans affect the election and ignore the equality in outcome. Serious bribe along with evil power both decrease the equality. With lower people's willing in, the election loses its quality and in turn harms villagers'passion in participation. Such situation also leads to weak democratic supervision power and these organs become useless. Besides, the imbalance can be seen among villages in self-government, economy basis, culture basis and overall construction level. In terms of township democracy construction, excessive organs, rough management system, inseparable party and government, inseparable politic and society cause great burden on rural finance, great pressure on finance supply and township finance difficulty. In terms of building a new village program, violence can be seen in one-child policy, land acquisition, house demolition, reconstruction practice of old village. Increase in mass disturbances involving farmers harms rural democracy regime's law enforcement capability and level. Efforts in making government affairs public are far from enough featuring few foul play being public. Rural cadres lose in bribe and corruption cases happen a lot. All above directly restrict the sustainable development in rural democracy regime.Many causes are responsible for these problems in China. The very first three are: inadequate political reforms and system supply, lacking endophytistic democracy system and values, dual economic structure of urban and rural areas having negative effect on rural democracy, particularly the clan tradition embedded in feudalism. The injection style villager self-government goes against the democracy construction. Low-level economy and the brain drain in rural areas make it unsustainable. It weakens the construction capability and restricts function playing.Therefore, we must deepening the political system reform in rural areas and improve the Party's leadership in rural democracy regime. To be specific, we should improve the democratic election system and the democratic decision procedure, strengthen democratic supervision, make rural Party organs function well in the construction to combine the organizing ability and improve their working ability and level. Required by a new village policy, we should nail down each rural organ's work function and divide their responsibilities scientifically by reducing excessive departments and staff members. The range of direct election should be widened by carrying out town direct election gradually and introducing competition system into rural democracy. By setting up this system, as well as rewards and punishment system, promotion through assessment system, supervision system, improving the supervision system and supervision ways, we can achieve overall supervision and the entire personnel supervision, keep the staff stressed so as to improve the working efficiency.Similarly, the rural cadres'cultivation of ethic thought need be improved by a complete educating or training institution and propaganda system, which offers a good environment for Party cadres. The construction of a clean and honest administration including anti-corruption and praising models highly strengthens the anti-corruption work in rural democracy regime and ensures rural cadres to be clean and honest. The powered given by people can be used publicly with a defense line of ideological morality. On the other hand, rural cadres also need to improve scientific and educational level by insisting studying Marxism theory, modern scientific management and professional techniques. In terms of practice, we should encourage them to improve themselves in rural areas, which help with better working ability in improving rural democracy. Last but not least, the rural democratic governance capability, particularly the Party organs'capability, serving capability and social supervising capability need strengthen. For one thing, the Party organs should improve their capability in guiding socialist market economy, developing socialist democracy and constructing socialist advanced culture. For another, they must adhere to people oriented, government affairs public and fair and start he construction of livelihood cause . Meanwhile, it is necessary to improve villagers'awareness of democratic supervision and ensure the security mechanism of democratic supervision, which means the work of rural democratic organs are under watch of peasant people and helps keep improving the organs'capability of serving them. Only by doing so can the rural democracy construction be of vigor and step out of the Huang Zong-xi Circle.