Japan's Official Development Assistance And The Sino-japanese Relations

Governmental Development Assistance (GDA) or Official Development Assistance (ODA) is a sort of massive favorable economic assistance provided by Official Economic Cooperation Development (OECD, whose members are mostly developed countries) for the developing countries. Thus ODA is a governmental economic behavior with great strategic significance among different countries. Theoretically, ODA, with sovereign national states as its actors, is a massive and regular resources transfer from developed nations to developing ones. In other words, ODA, which is generated by some non-economic factors beyond the law of value and the system of market, is an international reallocation, distribution and transfer of essential productive factors such as capital, technology and knowledge etc. It is also the product of one national state or government adjusting bilateral or multilateral relations. In short, in the net of relations between aid-giving country and aid-accepting country, ODA is at the cross point where it is involved with both national politics and economy, and it touches upon diverse bilateral exchanges and co-operations ranging from politics, diplomacy, legal affairs, security, economy, trade, finance, technology, culture and so on.In the history of international relations after World War II, IDA has been at the intersection point where the relations between east and west, south and north come together. Consequently, IDA is not only a phenomenon having enjoyed the world attention in the field of international politics and economy, but also a result of the evolution of international relations. Now, no country can isolate itself from the network of IDA, which has become an important part of the system of international relations.So, the theory of IDA has come to be an important research realm of international politics. Making a historical review and perspective study of the history, reality, tendency, policy, guidelines, theory of the issues about IDA is not only a basic academic research but also a policy research with great practical importance. Making a study of IDA is aninterdisciplinary research of international politics as well as an in-depth research of international relations. IDA is not merely a matter of international economy or international politics, but a matter of both international politics and economy. It is a typical matter of international political economy that defines itself as an interdisciplinary subject involving international politics and economy.As a policy with some certain political, diplomatic and long-run strategic intentions, ODA is increasingly becoming an important way for the developed countries to express their governmental wills, readjust the international relations, balance the international structure, shape a world order and fulfill their strategic objectives of national development. Now that the developed powers undoubtedly remain their predominant roles in the structure of international relations and world politics, their world strategy and policies definitely play significant roles and profound impacts on the evolution of international relations. Therefore, IDA provided by some developed countries and its important roles in international relations and world strategic structure have increasingly enjoyed more and more awareness, attentions and study, and become an important research subject crossing such disciplines as international politics, international relations, international law, international economics and so on. II. Japan's strategy toward China and its ODA to ChinaSince 1980s, Japan's ODA has enjoyed more and more important position in the field of IDA. In 1989, Japan surpassed U.S.A to become the largest aid-giving nation in the world with the exception of 1990. As a result, we have to study Japan's ODA when coming to IDA. So making a thoroughly scientific analysis and historical examination of Japan's policy toward ODA and a series of such relevant issues as the history, development, policy amendments, strategic intentions, practice, tendencies, and theo...