Contradiction Of Employment Structure And Its Adjustment

Employment structure is a state of employment formed by the quality and capability structure of the labour and the investment structure, including industry structure, urban-rural structure, and regional structure of employment, etc. At present, conflicts existing in the present employment structure in China is very serious, which makes necessary adjustments in the employment structure a major issue to be tackled in China's economic reform.With systematic abstraction as the major methodology adopted and positivism as the assisting one, the thesis, which is based on an analysis of the existing theories on employment structure and the widely collected data, analyzes the position of employment structure from the perspective of a general study of the economic system, presents a definition of employment structure, then studies its determining factors and defines the conflicts within the structure. The logical movement of the thesis is from abstraction to concreteness. The thesis begins with a study of the development of the employment structure in China, reveals the origins of its conflicts, describes their manifestation in employment structure, and then proposes some principles and ideas in solving the conflicts existing in China's employment structure.The thesis is composed of four chapters.Chapter One analyzes the development and changes in China'semployment structure. The goal of the socialist system is the development of the labour, which is manifested through the improvement of the quality and capability structure of the labour and the realization of his position as the principal factor in society. This very nature of socialist system determines the quality and capability structure of the labour to be the center of the economic system and the base for the employment structure, which together with investment structure being the shaping factor of employment structure, determines the basic state of employment structure. China's socialist system undergoes two stages: the socialist regulatory economy stage and the transition stage to socialist marketing economy. Socialist employment structure is a constituting part of China's economic system. Today's employment structure is a direct reflection of the evolvement of employment system, and a result of China's industrialization process as well.Chapter Two traces the formation of the conflicts in China's employment structure. These conflicts are no more than the outcome of the interaction and conditionality of the quality and capability structure of China's labour and the investment structure. China's traditional petty agricultural economy, the bottleneck effects of educational investment under socialist regulatory economic system, the rigidity of education system, the lack of training facilities and other factors lead to the present unsatisfying condition that the labour force in China has a low capacityand is slow to improve, which results in his being difficult to get employed. On the other hand, the dominance of heavy industry and shortage of investing capital creates a scarcity in employment opportunity. The low capability of labour and the scarcity of employment opportunity form the basic conflicts in the present employment structure of China, with the former being the decisive factor. With China being in the transitional stage of market economy, incompletion of market system also exerts its influence on the employment structure.Chapter Three depicts the manifestation of the conflicts in employment structure. From the perspective of industry structure concerning employment, it can be seen that the majority of China's population are farmers and have relatively low quality and capability, that industry has difficulty in offering new employment opportunities, and that the third industry or service sectors can only provide a limited amount of opportunities with little future promises. From the angle of urban-rural structure, the gap between labours in cities and rural areas is increasing, and cities are experiencing especially sharp conflicts in...