Impact Of The Labour Contracts Act On The Structure Of Gender Employment

The problem of employment in the labor market has been widely concerned by all circles,especially the situation of female workers' employment participation is a major problem that needs to be solved.Based on the employment protection of workers,the government puts forward the Labor Contract Law,which aims to protect the labor market in China.This paper tries to answer the question of whether the labor contract law promulgated in 2008 cause the difference in employment structure between male and female.Since the enactment of the Labor Contract Law in 2008,some scholars have studied that the Labor Contract Law can promote employment participation and improve the employment status of the labor market.One of the reasons is that the Labor Contract Law has weakened the strong position of the employing units to a certain extent,given workers more protection.The second reason is that the promulgation and implementation of the Labor Contract Law can stimulate workers' employment confidence and increase employment participation.Other scholars believe that The enactment and implementation of the Labor Contract Law has a inhibitory effect on employment.The reason is that the cost of labor increases cause the price of products to rise.Lowering output of enterprisesn can result in lower demand for Labour.The second reason is that enterprises' labor flexibility is limited,which increases their labor costs,thus encouraging enterprises to adopt other factors to replace labor force,such as replacing labor force with technology.The decline in male employment is likely to be even greater as the use of new technologies in employment reduces the difference in physiological advantage between male and female.However,the opposite effect may be observed from other perspectives.For example,if there are gender differences in educational level,male have a greater labor advantage in the application of new technologies,and male may be less affected.Therefore,the impact of gender employment structure differences in terms of demand is uncertain.From the supply point of view,the Labour contract law provides employment security and reduces the risk of unemployment,thus promoting the supply of labor.In particular,because female tend to be more risk-averse than male,the female Labour supply is likely to increase more.Overall,whether the labour market equilibrium results will result in less employment,and the difference inemployment structure between male and female is uncertain due to uncertainty on the demand side.Based on the data of the China Social Health Survey(CGSS)for 2003-2013 and the macro data of the statistical yearbook,this paper studies how the promulgation and implementation of the Labor Contract Law affect gender employment participation and the stability of the employment structure through the use of double difference and triple difference models.And put forward the following assumptions to be tested:First,The promulgation and implementation of the Labor Contract Law has a significant promotion effect on overall employment;Second,There are differences in the impact of the Labour Contract Law on the employment participation of male and female workers and the stability of the employment structure.This study shows that since the enactment of the Labour Contracts Act in 2008,the employment situation of workers has changed,the employment rate and the stability of employment after 2008 has increased significantly.It can be learned that the Labor Contract Law has significantly promoted the employment participation and the stability of the employment structure.Second,the impact of the Labor Contract Law on the participation of labor and employment has a gender heterogeneity,which has significantly promoted the employment of female labor force,but also promoted the employment of male.The effect of the Labor Contract Law on the stability of the labor employment structure is not significant in terms of gender.The stability promotion of the female employment structure is more significant.Third,the positive impact of the Labor Contract Law on the employment participation and the stability of the employment structure of the high-end labor market is more obvious than that of the low-end labor force.This paper also makes a heterogeneous analysis of the employment market,age,hukou,education level,marital status,family size,the number of children aged 0-6,the number of people over 60 and family income,and finds out whether there are significant differences between male and female in employment.Finally,this paper analyzes the conclusion of the effect of the labor contract law on the gender employment structure,puts forward policy suggestions and the significance and prospect of the introduction of this law for the employment demand and employment supply of different industries.