Analysis Of The Situation And Study On The Development Strategy Of Settlement For Herdsmen

The government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region brought forward that we should change nomadism into settlement in 1986, and regarded that the reality of it was an important step to change the traditional stockbreeding production mode into grazing in warm-season and yard feeding in cold-season in May 1996. We have already made notable progress of settlement in these 13 years from 1987 to 2000. Until the end of 2000,the herdsmen families of settlement or half-settlement had reached 130.5 thousand, 83% of the total. After settlement, herdsmen have their own land and the settlement places have definitely owned some basic and serving establishments. The production mode of grazing in warm-season and yard feeding in cold-season has founded primarily, and the habitation of herder, has been ameliorated. Their science- culture diathesis and standard of living have been also improved. The production mode of grassland-stockbreeding of Xinjiang has stridden the first step from the traditional nomadism to modern grassland-stockbreeding. It is the most important fruit of settlement, and is also the most prominent achievement in pasturing area of China, especially in that of Xinjiang, in the end of the 20th century. In the thesis, Changji state is selected as the representative area to study the problem. The situation of settlement for herdsmen is achieved through investigation, and the main existent problems are analyzed. And then, bring forward strategy, perfect the system, and promote the development of grassland-stockbreeding in Xinjiang. According to the study, there are five different settlement styles, half-settlement, primary-settlement, insert-settlement (ecology-immigrant), nomadism(comparison-mode), and non-herd-settlement in the northern part of Xinjiang. The main problems existed in this process are followed. (1)People are short of understanding to settlement, and regard settlement as the construction of settlement place, which is not reached to the request. Be short of the efficient measure to transform the production. The restoration and construction to the grassland ecology are little involved, and the ecological benefit brought by settlement has not been realized. (2)The settlement place has no enough artificial grassland, and the lower productivity can not be satisfy with the request of livestock by yard feeding in cold-season. So the production mode of stockbreeding and production organizing form still remain traditional. That is not benefit for the development of the new production mode after settlement (3) The level of the stockbreeding productivity is lower, animal product is fewer, and the approach of increasing income is narrower. So the income of herder is improved slowly. Strategies brought forward are followed. (1) Reinforce and consolidate the understanding to the essential of settlement. Give a criterion to the scientific connotation of settlement. Definitude the basic target to settlement. Establish the mode of settlement. (2) Constitute the appraised system of settlement. (3) Implement the reasonable model of grassland utilization (4) Break through the main key technique. Develop the specialized production of plantation, perfect the technique production system, improve the science- culture diathesis of the herder, and reform the production organizing form. (5) Implement the new collectivized programming to settlement, perfect basic establishment of the settlement places, and strengthen the implement of the settlement project.