Study On The Power Distribution Of The Organizational Decision-making Based On The Information & Communication Technology (ICT)

Information and Communication Technology(ICT)has developed rapidly in the last four decades. Although a number of recent studies indicate that the ICT can exert a major impact on management innovation and plays the important roles in the decision-making process, However, few studies has been conducted regarding the relationship between ICT and power distribution of decision-making. At the end of 1990s and the beginning of twenty-first century, the organizations have been facing a dynamic environment with the usage of the Internet and economic globalization, and this phenomena challenge the traditional decision-making theory. Therefore the study on the impact of ICT on the power distribution is becoming one key research topic. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the relationship between ICT usage and the centralization and decentralization of all kinds of organizations, and analyze the comprehensive impact of ICT on power distribution of organizational decision-making. This study discusses roles of the development of electronic government (E-government) in the information publicity and the citizen participation. This dissertation explores the ideas of decentralization for the Chinese economic transition, and put forward the recommendations for the reform of governmental decision-making in China.Traditional decision-making theory includes the expectation decision theory and the behavioral decision theory, since theoretical background, methodology and recognition limitation, and no study was conducted for the power distribution of decision-making. With the advent of information society and knowledge-based economy, information dissemination and Knowledge sharing is becoming more and more important in the organizational decision-making processes. This study introduces the ICT as the key environmental factors into the traditional decision theory, and develops one multiple-discipline analysis frame that involved in the philosophy, psychology, sociology, social psychology, law, anthropology, and public administration and political science. The study redefines the meaning of the "C" in the ICT; the "C" refers to the Computing, Communication and Coordination. Based on the ICT, the organization can improve the capability of information transmission and organizational coordination and knowledge sharing, and these in turn promote the fundamental reform of distribution of the decision-making. The management innovation by the ICT can both promote the revolution of enterprises and the revolution of the public organizations.Although many factors affect how decision-making power is distributed in organizations such as government regulations, national cultures, organizational traditions, and individual personalities, three important factors are introduced in this study. Three factors are decision information, organizational trust and self-motivation. According to the decision information flows, this study category the three types of decision-making based on the ICT, which are isolated decentralized decision-making, centralized decision-making and the connected decentralized decision-making. The three types decision-making is evolved following reduction of the information cost and knowledge coordination. If the decision makers can get the remote information from anywhere in the world, both private organizations and the public organizations will come toward to the decentralization.The traditional organizational theories view the top manager as the final decision maker, since the top manager holds the important information and knowledge. The managerial control level and the operational level only can get the power from the top level, or just do the routine task. Therefore the traditional decision theory emphasis the delegation or empowerment in the top-down direction. The power distribution of organizational decision-making is just the balance between information cost and the delegation cost, ant it is a static equilibrium; while in the information age, the key of power distribution of decision-making is the l...