The Research On The Voluntary Detoxification Based On The Engel Model

[Background]Present situation: Up to 2004, the total amount of registered drug addicts is 1,140,000 in our country. By the end of 2003, the accumulation of the registered drug addicts is 1,050,000, among them the heroin addicts are 740,000(constitute 70.5%), with the distribution of 2,148 cities and counties of the country. The rate of those drug addicts'relapse after coming out from the detoxification center is between 95% to 100% according to the data from some areas. Some medical experts think that this data can be believable. The result is somewhat depressive to the small number of people who are unrealistically optimistic boasting the drug-free achievements. But the fact of the annually increasing number of drug addicts urges us renew our ideas and keep awake while facing the new situation.Currently, detoxification work is in urgent need of scientific vision. The scientific vision means to take a scientific attitude towards the detoxification. The scientific vision demands the view of medical science, psychology, sociology, behavioral science and other branches of science to treat the drug addicts. For example, the drug addicts are taken as those who have the brain disease according to the medical science. They need treatment. The drug addicts have the serious symptom of drug dependence according to the psychology. They cannot be persuaded through the only ideological work just as our purpose to let them have the sudden awakening from a dream. In the past, if the drug addicts stop taking drugs after their being taken to the compulsory detoxification center or the therapeutic center, it will be announced as their successful detoxification. Now, people have agreed on this kind of view that detoxification, includes the threestages of the physiological drug-free, the recovery from drug addiction and the return to society. To take those physiological drug-free as the successful distoxification is just like to announce the victory only after the first step of the long march. Taking no attention of the drug addicts' recovery and their return to society after their stopping drug taking is to over indulge them in a strange circulation of relapse after their detoxification.The defects of the model for voluntary seeking detoxification are as the below: â‘ Lacking in the comprehensive evaluation on biological, psychological and social dimensions. Most of voluntary detoxification centers mainly evaluate the drug addicts according to their dependence on the drugs and neglect the comprehensive assessment. So the specific details of the addicts cannot be known completely. Because of the lagging behind of the psychological interference and social support, the addicts leave the treatment center ahead of time schedule and make the detoxification a failure.â‘¡Lacking in the overall treatment on biological, psychological and social dimensions. Voluntary detoxification means that the drug addicts go to the detoxification centers voluntarily to stop drug taking. Those organizations are in charge of the health department and supervised by the public security organizations. Generally speaking voluntary detoxification lasts about 10 to 20 days. Because the main purpose of those treatment centers is a help to the drug addicts to get away from the dependence on the drugs and to be drug-free physiologically. So their dependence on the drugs is mainly considered after being hospitalized and the means and methods of overall observation are insufficient. Though the addicts can depend on medicine to detoxificate successfully, the rate of relapse after their leaving the hospital is very high. It is because the addicts'motivations are complicated, their dependence on the drugs are different and the ways of treatment are unitary focusing on the medicine. Thus different methods cannot be used to meet the different individual needs and the different ways of taking drugs. The overall treatment and interference for the addicts are neglected.â‘¢Lacking in the scientific valuation and discrimination of the ways for the detoxification. In many voluntary detox...