| Urbanization has been a research focus in the academic circles. To make the strategical objective of constructing an overall comfortably off society come true, the contradiction between the dual structures of city and countryside must be resolved, and the development of city and countryside must be planed as a whole during the process of modernization of china. Our research is based on the predecessor research results and consulted with the experience and lessons of the urbanization abroad. The developmental process of traditional urbanization was reviewed, and the new tendency and characteristics of the development of urbanization in the new era of globalization, marketization, informationization and ecosystemization were analyzed. The new ideas of development , the mechanisms and the main body of the propulsion of Chinese urbanization were proposed. The six important aspects including the scientific planning and administration of town, the industry pedestal, the utilization of land, the constructions of a harmonious society, the coordination of ecosystem and the citization of peasants were discussed. The research aims at exploring a new development route of Chinese urbanization which is different with the traditional ideas, in accordance with the objective principals of urbanization and consistent with the national situation of china, and is helpful to enhance the developmental level and quality of Chinese urbanization.1. Main standpoints of the paper:(1) Scientific idea determinates the developmental level and quality of urbanization.The scientific thoughts on urbanization are constituted of advanced developmental ideas, reasonable developmental objectives, creative development ideas, a networking town system, appropriate methods and strategies of propulsion, and multi-bodies of propulsion. Impelling the development of urbanization according to the new scientific thoughts is in favour of the enhancement of developmental level and quality of Chinese urbanization.(2) A new developmental route is necessary to Chinese urbanization.The new developmental route must embody the "human is the basement" idea and the requirement of overall coordinated, consistent, and scientific development adequately. It should aim at the establishment of an intensive mode economy and a harmonious society, being instructed by market mechanisms, constructing an appropriate constitution, a reasonable disposition, a coordinated construction of large, middle and small cities, with brilliance special feature of town, the flawless networking system of town, sufficient opportunities of work, and an agreeable ecosystem, and combine the city and countryside.The core of the new route of urbanization is coordination. It includes seven aspects: the coordination of scale, disposition, function, industry, environment, society, and regional development of city and town.The main bodied of propulsion in the new thoughts include both the each class of governments and the numerous enterprises and residents. The role of government is the planning, instruction, coordination and support of the process, and the enterprise and residents are the most important main bodies of the installation and development of urbanization.(3) The new type of urbanization should include a conclusive objective system and a creative thought.The development of new urbanization in our nation should be in step with the requirement of overall construction of a comfortably off society before 2020. Its developmental objectives should reflect the internal requirement of urbanization on the development of intensive economy, of harmonious society, of politics and civilization, of physical environment protection, and thus make out a reciprocal assessment system, not only aim at the increase of the number of town people. According to the analyses and calculates, the proportion of Chinese urbanization will reach 48% in 2010, 54% in 2015, 60% in 2020, and more than 70% in 2050; the proportion will reach 70% in the east region, 67% in the middle region, and 45% in the west region in 2020.The new development route should include the following six strategies: the strategy of binging new ideas to the development thought of urbanization, the strategy of carrying out networkingization of the town system, the strategy of commuter zone spurring, the strategy of new industrialization and new urbanization interactive, the strategy of building the city with excellent ecosystem, the developmental strategy of city civilization, and the strategy of bringing new ideas to the institution of urbanization.(4) Selecting the new impelling methods of urbanization adaptation to local conditionsThe protocol includes the following five aspects: making the central cities of china constructed towards international metropolis to enhance the international competitive strength(such as Hong Kong, Macao, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou); making the existing regional central cities constructed towards modern metropolis to yield the scale merit of metropolis, meanwhile, the scale should be controlled to an appropriate degree; making the existing important small cities constructed to moderately cities to enhance the function of moderately citied in the town system; making the town constructed to small cities to expand the scale of the distinct small cities; making some important town constructed to central town to inhibit the small, idle, and disorder characteristics of small cities; developing new town associated with the new industries.(5) Six pedestal system are needed to the development of new urbanizationFirstly, scientific urban planning, construction and administration is needed. The appropriate advanced, personificating the principal of "human is the basis" and the developmental identity of town protocols are especially important. The planning is the "leader of a sect", it should combine the practicability and technics. The management of town is worth of being praised vigorously according to the economics.Secondly, the development of industry in town is desirable. The "hollowness" in town industry must be resolved urgently. The industry should be developed according to different kinds of cities. Assembling the industries is necessary to maintain the energy of town, enlarge the working opportunities, and contain the remaining labor force in village.Thirdly, the intensive utilization of earth should be emphasized. It is pressing during the process of urbanization. It is consistent with Chinese national condition and can not just be the same with the methods abroad. In addition, the land source is limited extremely in china.Fourthly, the construction of a harmonious society is important. The peasants are disadvantaged groups in the primary period after they come into cities. The society ensurance system in city and countryside is more effective than opening registered permanent residence system simply and is helpful to the development of urbanization. Strengthening the construction of legal system is necessary to instruct the peasants abiding the law and protect their legal interests after they come into cities.Fifthly, we should coordinate the ecosystem. The protocol should combine the disposal of contaminate and the construction of ecosystem in cities. In addition, some marketization methods should be applied, such as collecting fee expense of polluted water and garbage disposal to impelling the improvement of town ecosystem. The development of circulated economics should be discussed in time. Sixthly, the quality education of peasants should be stressed. It aims at cultivate them civilization customs and make them blend into the city lives as soon as possible.2. Main conclusions of the paper(1) Urbanization is the inexorable trend of the development of economical societyIn our research, the process of urbanization is the unified process of the transformation of countryside to town, of the development of social economy, and of the formation of the society which middle class is the main part. It includes the assemblage of village people to town, the transformation of industrial structure of agriculture to modern industry, then to service industry and intelligence industry, and also the transformation of low consumption group to high consumption group, and the process of middle class becoming the main part of society, the development and infiltration and propagation of town civilization to extensive countryside.(2) The idea and former unsuitable developmental route of urbanization is the main reason which causes the developmental level and quality of urbanization is lowThe urbanization in china has been greatly developed since the reforming and opening of china. It reached 41.8% in 2004, and is in the accelerating development period. However, the total lever of Chinese urbanization is still low and lags the process of industrialization. A review to the past developmental history of urbanization shows the main reasons which caused the low development level and quality include lagging developmental ideas, rude methods to increase, the hinder in system and mechanism, and the impelling model which government acts as the main role. The problems such as the ignoring the overall development of human and the social coordination, the excesses consumption of land and other sources, the blocking up of transportation, the environmental deterioration, the lack of special feature in the planning, the powerless support in industry and the unsoundness of social ensurance system are becoming prominent and should be paid more attention on.(3) The most important thing in the development of urbanization is the overall development of humanThe core of the developmental process in urbanization is the process of peasants transforming to the residents of a city. During the process, their thoughts, production and life style change greatly: from lagging to advanced, from lock to opening, from ignorant to civilization, from low diathesis to higher diathesis. And the opportunities of working and education become equal and all kinds of rights are respected and protected.(4) The modernization, industrialization, informationization and urbanization should be impelled coordinatelyThe enhancement of modernization level in agriculture means the increase of output ratio of land, the productive ratio of agriculture labor, the level of technical equipment and the elevation of the influence of the excess agriculture products and labor force on urbanization. During the industrialization, the second and third industry have developed greatly and gone up one grade. Massive working opportunities and new requirements of investment and consumption were bought out. This attracts much countryside people and agriculture products assembled in cities, and thus became the "tergo vis" of urbanization. Meanwhile, the funds, techniques and talented men in city also enhance the level of agriculture modernization. The assembly affection of productive elements caused by urbanization provides a huge development apace for modernization. The informationization brings out new technology reformation, which also provides huge new space for rapid development of town industry, modernization of town construction and administration, the networking establishment of town system. Urbanization also prompts the development of informationization because town is the source of many kinds of information and the sites of transmission.(5) More attention should be paid on the rationality of the layer grade structure of town, the structure of function and space during the development of urbanizationEither the overemphasis on the development of special large cities and major cities or on small towns are biased. The pyramid layer structure of international cities, major cities, moderately cities, small cities and the towns in which centra towns are intensive should be established in china. The individual characters and special features of the town function are the core of the town's competition. The appearance of urban groups, continuous bands and convolutions of cities have brought out new ideas to the spacestructure of town and became the strong impelling force to the local economic and social development. The development of Chinese urbanization must be in accordance to the new trend.(6) Market mechanism should yield leading function in the source disposition of non-agriculture and urbanizationUrbanization is the process in which rationality "economic people" aim at making the profit maximum under certain conditions which are influenced by the supply-beseech mechanism, cost-profit mechanism and competition mechanism. When the supply of urbanization is larger or lower than the beseech, the cost of the demander of urbanization will decrease or increase, but the profit will be the contrary. The maintain of a rational ratio of cost to profit will stimulate the increase of supply and beseech of urbanization, prompt the elevation of urbanization level. Though "the weakest goes to the wall; survival of the fittesfcompetition mechanism of urbanization, the source will be transferred from towns in inferior position to superior position. It can optimize disposition of non-agriculture resource, and enhance the efficiency of urbanization.(7) The main functional authority of government is to construct an institution platform in the process of urbanizationIn the process of urbanization, the main function of government should be fixed exactly. Its main functional authority of government is to construct an institution platform for the impelling of urbanization in addition with the planning and supervise function. The institution should be in favour of the metastasis of people from countrysides to cities, in favour of the assembly of resource, elements and industry towards towns, in favour of the sufficient development of the second and third industry in town, in favour of the transformation of peasants to city people, and include the institution of working and social ensurance. The enforcement of the institution will provide effective ensurance and stimuli to the development of urbanization, instruct and impel its healthy development. The municipal construction and the industrial development should be prompted by the way of marketization and be undertaken by enterprises and individuals except for the public region. The governments should not and cannot take care of everything.3. Proposals suggested by this paper(1) To integrate new industrialization with new urbanization as two important middle-long term strategiesWe should integrate new industrialization with new urbanization as two important middle and long term strategies. Especially, 11th Five-Year Plan being drawn by the government should focus on integration of new road to industrialization and new road to urbanization development. Scientific evaluation system should be established in order to measure quantity and quality of urbanization development. The system should unite another scientific system evaluating performance of the government at all levels. Local governments should be lead to choose the urbanization in which more attention is paid to intensive, harmonious and sustainable development. The government also should adopt appropriate strategies based on the local actual conditions.(2) To strengthen plan for urbanization developmentWe should draw plan for urbanization development including the whole country, great regions, all provinces and cities. The plan should be drawn according to Nation Plan for Economic and Social Development and be joined with the overall plan for land-use in city. We should legislate to ensure effective implementation of the plan for urbanization development and prevent unauthorized change in the implementation.(3) To struggle to improve rural industry development and raise the quality of urbanizationWhen we propel urbanization, we should avoid simple blind expansion of urban scale and give our attention to rural industry development and prevent from emergence of industry vacuum in these urban areas. The government should create favorable conditions such as transportation, energy supply, R&D, exploitation of human resources, trade promotion for the shape of industry cluster.(4) To control strictly use of farmland for urbanization development and improve intensification of land use in urban areaWe should implement strict land-use management and harden constraint index reflecting land-use level for urbanization development. In our practice, we should overcome the problem that the index is breached arbitrarily. We should develop first those residential areas with relatively high population density and shape them into small town step by step, which will benefit the intensive use of land.(5) To establish and complete social security system in urban and rural areasCurrently, we should establish social security system covering both urban and rural areas and provide fundamental social security services with characteristics of wide coverage and low standard, which is the priority for improving quality and stability of urbanization. Social security in cities should cover those farmers who lost their lands and entered into cities for job. For those who have a farmland contract but difficulties in living due to the fact that their temporary jobs in cities are unstable so as to have to come back from the cities, we should bring them into the system of social relief and assistance in rural areas.4. Originality in this paper(1) To build up new ideal of urbanization developmentTraditional ideal about urbanization focuses on simple non-ruralization of population. This paper broadens our sight to understand the urbanization with new ideal about urbanization development and considers not only non-ruralization of population but also urbanization as an inevitable result of continuous development of economy, society, culture, political regime and environment. In the process of urbanization, in order to improve development level and quality of urbanization, we should pay more attention to advancement of people's traditional idea, production and living style and harmony among scale, layout, function, industry, environment, society and different regions.(2) To propose objective system of new urbanization developmentIn the long run, both theory and governments at all level consider urbanization level as the only objective of urbanization development, which is inadequate to assess the achievement. Therefore, we propose objective system consisting of 20 subdivision indexes with four aspects of economic intensive development, social harmonious development, political civilization development, effective environment protection. The system enriches meaning and extension of theory and embodies requirements of concept of comprehensive, harmonious and sustainable scientific development and accommodate overall objective of setting up a well-off-in-all-rounds society.(3) To propose to implement different development strategies in eastern, central and western regionBecause of great gaps among different regions in China, it is improper to adopt same urbanization development strategy. This paper suggests that we should select different strategy to propel urbanization according to different regions and stages. The strategy in the eastern should be to implement development strategy of cities cluster. Based on this strategy, five big cities clusters can be shaped, namely, Yangtze River delta, Zhujiang River delta, BohaiSea rim region, southern Fujian region and Liaodong peninsula region. The rise of central China attracts our attention and needs to introduce the strategy of city chain for urbanization development. To consider some major city as the center of the chain, we will see the following city chains: Wuhan chain, Nanchan chain, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan chain, Taiyuan-Datong-Jincheng chain, Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Kaifeng chain and Hefei-Wuhu chain. In the western region, our strategy is to build up center city for urbanization. For example, in these areas, there are some capital cities that have good fundamental infrastructures, such as Chongqin, Chengdu, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Kunmin, Guiyang and Urumqi. Regarding these cities as drive force of regional development, some intensive city groups also format for their good economic and social background, such as Chengdu-Chongqin city group, Guanzhong city group in Shanxi province.(4) To recommend the pattern of market-oriented urbanization developmentThe practice shows that the effect of government-oriented urbanization development goes always contrary to their wishes. Therefore, the paper suggests that we must propel urbanization with market force and give full play to enterprises and the people. Under the adjustment of supple-demand, cost-return and competitive mechanism, enterprises and the people make the decision rationally. Of course, the government also has a positive effect on urbanization if it plays its role properly. To do this, the government should change its work style and focus into providing public services such as: plan drawing, incentive policy and construction of institution platform.(5) To consider civilization of farmers as main task and content of urbanizationIn the process of transfer, there are three stages in the light of human demand. The first stage is to complete transfer of status. The second stage is to achieve civilization in the sense of economic foundation. The last transfer needs to get them into society from the aspect of culture and social status. The civilization of farmers accompanies construction and development of civilian society and is main task and content of urbanization. These farmers should be trained routinely and inspired properly to pursue urban civilization and well-off living passionately and acclimatize themselves to urban...
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