A Researh On The Informal Employment's Behavioral Space In Megapolis

With the new development view focusing on humanism in the world, the researches on employment become more and more popular. In the transitional society, the excessive supply of labor and institutional change has brought forth a large number of informal employees. The thesis mainly focuses on the informal employee behavioral space model and its social geographic implications, which enriches the urban social geography in the theories and provides the making policy data such as reducing urban poverty, building a well-off society and realizing ILO's the concept of full employment in practice.At first, combing the origin of informal employment theories and its concepts, we conclude that the fundamental definition of informal employment has four characteristics: subsistence economy, vulnerable group, and community space, small and micro firm. There are few literatures on the informal employee behavioral space. Fortunately, there're some theses on the employment behavioral-space, which mainly emphasizes on the job search and decision-making. So, I apply some behavioral geographic theories, with which we concern about the group behavior in macro and individual behavior in micro.In the 1990s, great changes had taken place in Shanghai city, especially in the economic system reforming and industrial structure adjusting, which brings forth a large number of unemployees. What's more, the surplus rural labors in china swarmed into cities at this period. These two groups unbalanced of urban labor market. They being at the bottom of labor market, lackage of bargaining power in job searching, and work relations complexity in social transition, makes them find their job in informal sector. Considering the segmented labor market in China, We divide the informal employment into two groups: household registered population informal employee, namely Shanghai informal employee, SIE) and floating population informal employee (FPIE). The SIE includes unemployment, the people who have no work but enjoy work social security, the surplus labor from Shanghai suburb. The reasons for SIE entering the informal sector are the government supporting, the semi-market employment. The FPs coming from the outer city, theirreasons are the government employment policy permission, community management, enterprise cost-minimization, and their human resource quality.In the method, this thesis applies the combination of microanalysis and macro-analysis. Macro-analysis is based on the 5th census and relation data, and microanalysis is based on questionnaire and interview. Also the relation subject knowledge such as behavioral geography, Culture geography, economics, and sociology is applied. Considering the different groups texture, our research have the different emphases. The thesis focuses on SIE's employment behavior space and FP's occupational selectivity.SIE is the result of the game among government, community and individual. In all, institute, family economic pressure, materialism culture psychology and social prestige have influenced SIE's behavioral space. Their objective space cognition ability is higher; the social cognition space is mainly in community; and job searching affected by favorable policy. In view of SIE's spatial distribution, they essentially have no spatial segment, but there is temporal deprivation in action space, and the deprivation disappears when they find new jobs. The SIE actively enhance the weak group's obtain employment ability, incubate a number of small and micro firms, alleviate social polarization. But it also has negative influence, such as relying on the government in obtaining jobs, producing finance deficit, always using by the powerful group, enlarging the segment of labor market. Although their job searching is supported by the local government policy, holding house, which aid to get work offers, but they get low wages in informal organization. The SIE socio-spatial polarization became distinctness in the renewal area in the city.As group, FP's location-decision to Shanghai city is to chase economic benefits, dominatin...