Effections On "Blackgang" To Present Basical Democratic Politics And Countermeasures For Its Solution In China

The dissertation is composed of six chapters. The Introduction involves with the reason for research, the research purpose, the research situation on this topic, the main content of the dissertation, the key questions to be solved, the research approach, the research significance, the new ideas and the weakness. According to the author, the influence of the gangdom on the government in grass roots is very serious and it is necessary to give high attention to this problem. Under the guidance of the Marxist political theory, this dissertation will research the influence of the gandom on the government in grass roots and its current situation through investigation and theory induce, put forward an effective solution to contain the force of the gangdom and promote the process of the democratization in grass roots, enrich the basic theory of the politics and the administration, and provide a scientific basis for the party committee, people delegation, government, political consultation of all levels to make decision on the democracy in the grass roots. In the human history, the gangdom has existed for a very long time. The scholars in China and foreign nations have done much research on this topic and have achieved very rich results. This dissertation will focus on the force of the gangdom, the politics in the grass roots, and democracy. The research approaches in this dissertation are three "combination", political science combining with law and sociology, demonstration combining with logic, and qualification combining with quantitative. The theory significance of the research is to enrich and develop the theory of the political science and administration about the construction of the democracy in grass roots, and the practical significance is provide reference for the party committee and government of all levels to make decisions on the democracy construction in grass roots and to promote the development of the democratic politics in grass roots. The new approach applied in the dissertation is to research the gangdom's influence on the democratic politics in grass roots through the combination of political science, law and sociology. The dissertation also provides important suggestions to get rid of the force of the gangdom and to promote the democracy construction in grass roots. The weakness is lacking analysis on the quantitative statistic.In Chapter one, the author taking Mafia and Qing-Hong Gang as examples, reviewed historically the origin, spallation, nature and political influence of the gangdom in China and foreign nations. The Mafia originated with the appearance of the land sublease. As the national power in Sicanian was very weak, it gave the people who subleased the land a very easy circumstance to maintain and develop their force. Whereas the Qing-Hong Gang originated from the population expansion, land lacking, floaters increasing, the Chinese people's consciousness of "gang", and the cruelreigning of the feudal regime. The reasons that lead to the spallation of the Mafia were the collapse of the manor system, the disappearance of land sublease, the establishment of the central government. At the same time, the utilitarianism became fashionable in the society, and the Mafia began to pursue substantial profit. The reasons for the spallation of the Qing-Hong Gang were the employment in Shanghai was seriously lacking and it was difficult for the members of the gang to get job. The semi-colonial situation in Shanghai mad the lease-land a place without governing. It provided a space for the Qing-Hong Gang to spallation. With the traditional concept of "Yi" and "Li" were challenged, people began to pursue money with all the ways. The Mafia existed in a very wide area. They had a complete organization, esteemed violence, and snatched money in illegal way. Qing-Hong Gang also developed very fast and spread all over China. They had a very strict organization and a rigor gang rule. They forestalled all trades and collected money in violence way. But both Mafia and Qing-Hong Gang lacked a political creed. They were always applied by the political force. The political action taken by the Mafia was to control election, bribe government officials, and even murder officials. And Qing-Hong Gang' political action was to play the role of murderer, participate the government, and even betray their own nation.Chapter II of the dissertation analyzed the reappearing of the Chinese gangdom force in current time in a general way. It analyzed the historical reason of the gangdom force in China in the past 25 years, which including the reasons related to economy, politics, ideology, and foreign policy. The first period of the reappearing of the gangdom in China began in late 1970s and ended at 1980s, the second from early 1990s to late 1990s, and the third after 2000. The main features are small, low, excessive, spread, and light in exterior form. The gangdom force in china and foreign nations reacted and interflowed with each other. The social influence is the relations between the organizations of the gangdom and the crime activities. The reason involves with economy, politics, culture, society, and foreign nations.Chapter III analyzed the influence of the gangdom on the politics in grass roots. The influence includes: gangdom force being the origin of corruption of the party and government officials in grass roots, gangdom force becoming the members of ihe political organization in grass roots, the gangdom force blocking the law and the policy of the party and the government, and the gangdom force transferring into the political culture in grass roots. The dissertation, through the analysis of the influence of the gangdom force on the politics in grass roots, comes to the following conclusions: the gangdom force is covering a wide area, the gangdom force affects the politics in various ways, the influence of the gangdom is expanding gradually, and the gangdom force has a historical and world background.Chapter IV analyzed the reason that the gangdom affected the politics in grass roots. In the gangdom force's side, they bribe the party and government officials to obtain those limited resource, to get protection from the government power, to raise their social positions, and to escape from the punishment of law. In the officials' side, the situation means several relations: the value of power and the desire of human nature, the tendency of profit and the low wage of the officials in grass roots, concentrating of power and lacking of supervising, the party's discipline relax and the morality ruin. The gangdom force tried to control the social resource, to pursue psychological comfort, and to win a legal identity. So they sink into the political organization in grass roots. This means that the political organizations in grass roots are corrupted by material profits. They have no reasonable standard and correct way to play their role and even lose control over election. In their blocking of the political organizations in grass roots, the gangdom forces snatched unjust fortune, protected their interests, and expand their social influence. It also indicates that the law's force is very weak in grass roots, which concludes the personal relations is higher than the law, the cost for suit is too expensive, and common people's negative attitude to law. The weakness of the capability of the administration in grass roots makes the gangdom force scoff at the administrators and resist the law with violence. This also means that the administration in grass roots lacks force, material condition and money. Therefore, the evil of the gangdom force is becoming the political culture in grass roots, which related to the necessary of human being's pursuing the profit provides the possibility for the spread of the evil, the unfit legal system indulges the evil, the weak public opinion supervise gives the chance for the officials to lose their morality, and the propaganda of the mass medium, the examples of famous persons and the persona experience all promoted the spread of the evil.Chapter V analyzed the harm of the gangdom force to the democratic politics in grass roots. The gangdom force jeopardized the leadership of the party in grass roots. It made the party organizations and officials depart from the guiding principles of "Three Representatives" and distort in their leading way. It also ruined the impression of the party leaders in grass roots. They became ignorant, black sheep, corrupted officials, and bandits in people's minds. It led to the moral lax and the party losing its coherence and impel to the common people. The gangdom also jeopardized the common people. It destroyed the democratic election system and deprived the common people's right to elect and to be elected. It destroyed the democratic policy making and robbed the common people's right to participate in the policy making. It destroyed the democratic supervise and gave the common people no chance to exert their right of supervising. The gangdom also jeopardized the legal system in grass roots. It resisted directly the exertion of the law. The gangdom force trenched the life,estate and security of the common people in grass roots, resisted the law with violence, hurt the government missionary, and bribed the government officials. The gangdom force made the party and government organizations and officials their protectors. They would not put the crime on record, would not consult the suit, would not disclosure the crimes, put aside the cases, and even would not punish the criminals. The rampancy of the gangdom force made the legal system in grass roots worse and worse. The executers of law in grass roots became disanimation and lose their revolution spirits. The common people became disappointed to law and they would not rely on the law and follow the law. Under the influence of the value and behavior of the gangdom force, the young people in school also began to worship violence and organize gangs.Chapter VI put forward the way to deal with the gangdom force and to eliminate its negative influence on the democratic politics in China. The experience of the western nations is to complete the legal system, to give the gangdom force strict strike, and to solve the problem in a comprehensive ways, including establishing special institutions, analyzing its economy, arranging bedchambers in its organizations, encouraging apostasy, protecting the witnesses. The western nations also strengthen the election supervise to eliminate the influence of the gangdom force on politics and give them no chance to affect the politics. These nations also pay attention to maintain a honest government and legal system to block the gangdom force to use money to deal with the government officials' power. They give a strict punishment to the corrupted officials and let them pay high for their corruption. As for our won nation is concerned, we should deal with the gangdom force in five ways: macro level, social management, cultural level, legal level, and punishment approaches. We should eliminate the negative influence of the gangdom force on the democratic politics in grass roots, which including establishing the restriction institution over the party and government officials in grass roots and building up an iron long wall to avoid the attack from the gangdom force, reforming and completing the institutions for electing the party and government officials in grass roots to prevent effectively the gangdom force from penetrating into the political organizations in grass roots, integrating the political resource to overthrow the resist of the gangdom force to the political organizations in grass roots, and governing comprehensively to create an excellent political culture in grass roots.