Foreign-related Justice In Guangzhou During Earlier Manchu Dynasty

This dissertation discusses the foreign-related justice in earlier Manchu dynasty, through the cases happened in Guangzhou. It consists of 5 chapters:Chapter 1 discusses the local Administration system involving the foreign-related jurisdiction. There were two foreign-related judicial modes in Guangzhou during earlier Manchu dynasty, named"provincial capital mode"and"Macau mode", and both of them derived from the special foreign-related administrative system in Guangzhou.Chapter 2 discusses the foreign-related criminal judicial system in Guangzhou during earlier Manchu dynasty, including the special substantial rule called"blood to blood"in fatal trails, and the interpreters as the special procedural arrangement in foreign-related judicial system.Chapter 3 discusses the mode of foreign-related commercial disputes settlement during earlier Manchu dynasty in Guangzhou. This mode consists of three parts. First of all, almost all the debtors called Hong-merchants were penalized treason. Secondly, all Hong-merchants had to take jointly obligation of discharging debts for each other. Thirdly, the local government discharged the Hong-merchants'debts as an exception.Chapter 4 discusses the foreign-related civil justice during earlier Manchu dynasty in Guangzhou, especially in Macau. Lots of civil disputes happened between the Portuguese and Chinese people in Macau during that period. How the local governors did judge the disputes, and what kind of differences and conflicts existed among the civil proceeding participants'value judgments. Chapter 5 discusses the foreign-related judicial ideas called"Bu Zhi Er Zhi".