Globalization Under The United Nations Security Reform

The United Nations is the most important multilateral international organization in nowadays, which functions as the core international institution to maintain peace, promote development, impel to resolve global issues and also provides the main resources to organize and enforce international collective security actions and its legitimacy. As the emergence of growing number of global issues in international politics, the UN has come up to continuous institutional reform and innovation. This paper picks up the "security" issue as the core topic among the three closely inter-related issues, security, development and human rights, which the UN is facing, studying the idea of the UN security institutions reform, its trend and process of institutional innovation in a new era.The central argument states that the holistic transition of international system constructs the essential driving force for the UN reform. On the one side, globalization promotes the historical transition of international system. The governance with worldwide states participation will be the goal of development of future international system. It gradually becomes the core paradigm to design the international institutions and regulates the direction and objectives of the UN reform as well. On the other side, the structure of the power configuration and the interaction of national interests in international system change as well. A variety of newly emerging regional powers gain a higher status and want to share more power, take more responsibilities and play more important roles in the UN, which deals a great impact on the existing decision-making regime and power layout in the UN. The process of the reform of the UN will represent the general trend of the multi-polarization of international power structure and the democratization of international relationship. In the mean time, the intention of big powers to maintain a stable international order in a cooperative way is also gaining new momentums, providing a more favorable environment than in the past to promote the transition of international system in an orderly way. These factors combined together have helped accumulate positive force driving the UN reform.The profound change of international security situation requires broadening scope of threats to international peace and security, which the UN is authorized to deal with.The security concerns between states are overspreading to a larger sphere concerning human security. In addition to keeping concerned with the traditional security issues of sovereignty disputes and territorial conflicts between states, the UN will list many new issues as new security threats, including preventing the catastrophic destruction of international terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, re-building in conflict inflicted areas and the instability caused by large scale violation of human rights. This calls for enrichment, development and innovation of the fundamental principles and institutional design of UN security institution, requiring more comprehensive understanding of the principles of sovereign equality, non-interference of domestic affairs and collective security, and demand strengthening and innovation of the process of the institutional design to counter those new threats.The institutional reform and innovation, particularly the reform of the UN Security Council with the objective of harnessing the capability of the UN collective action and maintain international peace, development and human rights, are in accordance to the strategy of peaceful development of China. The international society holds disputes on some specific blue prints of the institutional reform, which reflects the difference of power balance and different interests. In general, however, the institutional reform will advance in an imbalance state. China should combine its own short and long term interests, considering the factors at home and abroad fully and continue its principle of a comprehensive and consensus-based UN reform. China needs to analyze deeply and examines thoroughly the possible policy choices of concerned major countries and groups on the reform of the United Nations' collective security institutions, combining together with the needs embodied in China's peaceful development strategy. China needs to enhance the policy coordination and cooperation with other UN members, promote institutional innovation, stimulate the organizational dynamics and boost the process of multilateralism and global governance centered on the UN.Methodologically, this paper emphasizes particularly the induction and comparative analysis of the documents about the new round of UN reform. At the same time, based on the talks and interviews with some important people involved in the reform and some leading researchers, this paper analyzes the challenges and threats that the UN is faced in the security field. In order to achieve a relatively balanced idea and work outthe methods to resolve the disputes, this paper makes an in-depth analysis on the conflicts and focuses of the divergent ideas of the UN reform encountered with the international community. With the basis of above research, this paper also discusses the specific ways and policy choices of the UN reform.